Chemotherapy of malignant tumors, referred to as chemotherapy, is the main means of medical oncology treatment. Most of the existing chemotherapeutic drugs, while inhibiting tumor growth or killing tumor cells, have toxic effects on the rapidly proliferating normal cells in the body, especially on bone marrow hematopoietic cells, gastrointestinal mucosal epithelial cells and scalp cells. Inadvertent treatment can cause damage to vital organs such as heart, liver, kidney and bone marrow, leading to the death of the patient. Therefore, when using chemotherapy, one must be highly alert to possible toxicity, or it will cause irreversible consequences. Damage to the venous blood vessels of infused chemotherapeutic agents, gastrointestinal damage, bone marrow suppression, hepatocellular damage, renal cellular damage, cardiomyocyte damage, peripheral nerve damage, alopecia, stomatitis, skin damage, and pulmonary fibrotic changes. Intermediate and long-term toxicity of chemotherapy includes endocrine system damage, infertility, immune function suppression, and the development of a second malignant disease, which varies with the composition of the chemotherapeutic agents used versus those in the combination chemotherapy regimen. Reproductive function may return in some younger patients at least 2 years after cessation of chemotherapy. Intense chemotherapy has a prolonged effect on immune function, especially T-lymphocyte function, which predisposes to infections,band scars, etc. Strong stimulation of chemotherapy drugs inadvertently injected into the subcutaneous or leakage in the extravascular, can cause local skin and muscle tissue redness, swelling, hard nodules, or even necrosis, ulcers do not heal for a long time. 4 ~ 6 hours of ice packs, and later can be coated with skin relaxing ointment or traditional Chinese medicine Jinhuang Ruyi San, Erhuang Decoction warm compresses. Most chemotherapy patients have appetite loss, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension and pain, diarrhea or constipation and other reactions, and in severe cases, intestinal mucosal necrosis and detachment or even intestinal perforation can occur. The duration of the reaction varies, generally in 3~4 hours after the chemotherapy drugs began to react, there are also immediate nausea, vomiting. Most of the patients will have more severe reaction for the first time, and the reaction will be gradually reduced later. During chemotherapy, patients should eat light, soft, sparse, easy to digest food, small meals, avoid greasy, high protein and too stimulating diet, to avoid increasing the burden on the gastrointestinal tract. Those who can not eat due to severe vomiting can be given fluids and nutritional supplements. Due to the inhibition of anti-tumor drugs on the bone marrow, patients often appear white blood cell decline, thrombocytopenia, most drugs also reduce the body’s immune function. Pay attention to the patient’s temperature changes, prevent secondary infection. If necessary, suspend chemotherapy. Patients should avoid contact with respiratory infections, sterilize tableware at every meal, pay attention to dietary hygiene; strengthen oral care. Due to thrombocytopenia, patients often have bleeding tendency, pay attention to whether there is gum bleeding, epistaxis, subcutaneous purpura and so on. Nursing work should be gentle, avoid body impact. Depending on the severity of myelosuppression, small amount of fresh whole blood or component blood transfusion can be given. When chemotherapeutic drugs such as 5FU are applied in large doses, it often causes severe oral mucosal reaction, manifested as congestion, edema, inflammation, ulceration and pain. To keep the mouth clean, the mouthwash can be made with light salt water, or heat-clearing and detoxifying traditional Chinese medicines such as honeysuckle 10g, chrysanthemum 10g or forsythia 15g can be decocted to wash the mouthwash. The ulcer surface can be coated with traditional Chinese medicine tin-like powder or ice boron powder. Chinese medicine soup can be selected Jade Lady Decoction plus or minus. Chemotherapeutic drugs can cause different degrees of skin reactions, manifested as dry skin, hyperpigmentation, sometimes itching, maculopapular rash, or even exfoliative dermatitis. Attention should be paid to skin care, need to keep the perineum and groin local clean and dry. Some chemotherapeutic drugs such as ADM, VP16 can cause significant hair loss, but after stopping the drug hair can be regenerated, it should be explained clearly in advance, so as not to aggravate the mental burden of the patient. Some drugs such as Vinca alkaloids (VCR, NVB) and Taxol can cause neuromuscular toxicity, resulting in paralysis of the patient’s limbs, chills, and even cold pain, so pay attention to keep the limbs warm. Most of the antitumor drugs are excreted by the kidneys, among which platinum antitumor drugs (PDD) are more toxic to the renal tubules, coupled with the rapid disintegration of sensitive tumor tissues, resulting in hyperuricemia and azotemia, which can lead to renal impairment or even renal failure.CTX, IFO can cause hemorrhagic cystitis, especially in dehydrated patients, not only to make the drug in the concentration of the bladder, but also to make the drug to stay in the bladder of the It not only increases the concentration of the drug in the bladder, but also prolongs the time that the drug stays in the bladder, aggravating the irritation of the bladder. Therefore, in the application of the above drugs should accurately record the daily intake and output, the daily intake of more than 3000ml, urine volume of more than 15O0ml, appropriate alkalinization of urine. Patients applying platinum should check the urine routine and renal function (blood creatinine and urea nitrogen) after treatment and at follow-up. Due to the low immune function, after chemotherapy patients will be prone to complications of colds and various infections and shingles. Exercise should be strengthened to prevent all kinds of infections. Chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal reactions are mainly manifested as: dullness, anorexia of grease, low food intake, stuffiness in the epigastric region, belching, acidity, dryness of the mouth, bitterness of the mouth, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, constipation or diarrhea, etc. Chinese medicine identifies spleen and stomach discordance, and treats it by harmonizing the stomach and lowering the rebelliousness, eliminating food and directing stagnation, and strengthening the spleen and regulating the middle, and flavoring the tangerine peel, bamboo and bamboo pill. Bone marrow suppression caused by chemotherapy can be manifested in the decrease of white blood cells, the body’s resistance is reduced, which can easily cause infectious diseases; the low platelet level can lead to hemorrhagic disease or purpura; or it can lead to the decrease of erythrocytes, hematocrit and anemia, which can lead to dizziness, palpitations, panic, blanched face, pale lips and tongue and tiredness and softness of limbs. Chinese medicine is mainly for spleen deficiency, lack of source of qi and blood biochemistry, kidney deficiency, essence does not transform blood, or spleen and kidney deficiency, Chinese medicine treatment is mainly to strengthen the spleen and blood, tonify the kidney and nourish essence, or spleen and kidney double tonic mainly, can choose to tonify the middle and benefit qi soup, revert to the spleen soup, Zuo Gui Pill, strengthen the spleen and benefit the kidney and so on with additions and subtractions. Chemotherapy-induced damage to cardiomyocytes manifests as palpitation, panic, shortness of breath, dizziness, fatigue, limb weakness, spontaneous sweating, and easy to catch a cold, etc. Chinese medicine recognizes qi and blood deficiency, and Chinese medicine treatments are mainly for benefiting the qi and nourishing the blood, and can be supplemented with Sheng Wei San, Gui Spleen Soup, and so on. Chemotherapy-induced liver function damage mainly manifests in increased transaminase, poor appetite, anorexia of grease, abdominal distension, loose stools, etc., which belongs to spleen deficiency and dampness obstruction in traditional Chinese medicine, and the treatment mainly focuses on strengthening the spleen and resolving dampness, and can be selected from Xiangsha Liujunzi, Senling Baijutsu Pill, Huopu Xiaoling Tang, etc. with additions and subtractions. Renal function damage caused by chemotherapy can be oliguria or anuria, swelling of limbs, chest and abdominal fluid, etc. Chinese medicine is characterized by unfavorable qi and digestion, and water-dampness internal storage. Chinese medicine treatment can be with warming yang and inducing diuresis, with the addition or subtraction of Wu Ling San and Zhen Wu Tang. Chemotherapy causes peripheral nerve damage resulting in limb paralysis, cold pain, soreness and discomfort, belongs to the Chinese medicine blood deficiency pulse paralysis and obstruction, the treatment is based on nourishing the blood and opening up the channels, Sizuo Tang, Gui Zhi Tang, Astragalus, Gui Zhi, Wu Wu Wu Tang and other additives and subtractions. Hair loss caused by chemotherapy is kidney damage and essence deficiency, treatment is mainly to tonify the kidney and fill in the essence, six flavors of di Huang Pill with prepared shouwu and black sesame. The above toxic side effects may occur individually or in combination, patients should consult a professional Chinese medicine oncologist in time, and then prescribe medicines after a detailed diagnosis.