Acute pancreatitis is an inflammatory reaction in which pancreatic enzymes are activated in the pancreas due to multiple etiologies causing self-digestion, edema, hemorrhage and even necrosis of the pancreatic tissue. It is characterized by acute epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting, fever and increased blood pancreatic enzymes. The degree of lesion varies, the milder ones are mainly pancreatic edema, which is clinically common, and the condition is often self-limiting with good prognosis, also known as mild acute pancreatitis. In a few severe cases, the pancreas is hemorrhagic and necrotic, often secondary to infection, peritonitis and shock, with a high mortality rate, known as severe acute pancreatitis. In the past, the clinical pathology is often divided into two types of acute pancreatitis edema type and hemorrhagic necrosis type. The cause of this disease is still not well understood, the cause of pancreatitis is related to excessive alcohol consumption, overeating, gallstones in the bile ducts, etc. The main symptoms of acute edematous pancreatitis are abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever, while hemorrhagic necrotizing pancreatitis can present shock, high fever, jaundice, abdominal distention and even intestinal paralysis, signs of peritoneal irritation, and subcutaneous bruises. Severe cases often have acute respiratory failure, acute renal failure, heart failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatic encephalopathy, sepsis and fungal infections, hyperglycemia and other complications, and the mortality rate is relatively high among acute abdominal diseases. Treatment is based on prevention and treatment of shock, improvement of microcirculation, antispasmodic, analgesic, inhibition of pancreatic enzyme secretion, anti-infection, nutritional support, prevention of complications, and some measures to strengthen intensive care. Patients with limited regional pancreatic necrosis and exudation, without infection and with less severe systemic toxic symptoms, do not need to be operated urgently. If there is infection, the patient should be treated surgically accordingly. The mortality rate of acute pancreatitis is about 10%, and the presence of respiratory insufficiency, oliguria, generalized petechiae or hypocalcemia suggests a poor prognosis. The morbidity and mortality rate of severe acute pancreatitis is 50% or higher, and surgical treatment can reduce it to about 20%, and the treatment of severe pancreatitis is still a professional problem.