A pair of healthy and beautiful breasts not only give a woman the dignity of motherhood, but also guarantee a woman’s joy, happiness, well-being and satisfaction for life! In early human societies, the lactation function of breasts was sacredly worshiped. The most important role of a woman was that of a mother. The breasts of prehistoric statues were given divine functions, such as in the Hebrew world of the Old Testament, where the most important role of a woman was that of a mother, and in New Testament times, where the miraculous Virgin Mary was worshipped for giving birth to Jesus Christ. In the Jewish and Christian traditions, the breast is the vessel that produces the milk that is essential to the survival of the Hebrew people and the followers of Christ, and the image of the Virgin’s breast becomes a symbol of the nourishment of the souls of believers. The breast is the giver of life, the beauty, and at the same time the destroyer of life. The breast nurtures life, while breast cancer is the demon that destroys it! About one million people die of breast cancer worldwide every year, a staggering number! Although the breast is an eternal symbol of sex, love, beauty, life and nurturing, it is also the bearer of disease and death! This is the threat posed by breast cancer. Currently, one in every nine women in the world suffers from breast cancer. In the face of a disease that threatens to destroy women, “save the breast” is a slogan that is shared by all of humanity. The surgical treatment of breast cancer began in the mid-19th century, and over the past 100 years, with the continuous improvement of surgical protocols, as well as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, endocrine therapy and immune adjuvant therapy becoming the accepted postoperative treatment routine, the survival rate of breast cancer patients after surgery has been greatly improved. However, no matter the classical procedure of breast cancer treatment or the extended radical surgery and modified radical surgery, the treatment of breast cancer comes at the heavy cost of removing the breast, leaving an eternal ugly scar and eternal pain on a woman’s chest. For patients, they not only want to cure the disease, but also want to improve their quality of life, requiring both restoration of organism function and maintenance of physical beauty. In the face of surgical treatment, the patient’s concern about the change of shape, the impact on arm function and the hair loss ensues. Young patients, especially unmarried women, are very worried about the change of body shape after treatment, which may affect social activities and difficulties in solving marriage, and may feel that survival is worthless and difficult to face in the future. The results of the survey also show such a mentality. For example, in response to the question “Do women’s values suffer after mastectomy?” Most of the patients felt more strongly about the loss of dignity and courage to be a woman after mastectomy, and some of them even felt ashamed to meet others, so they did not want to participate in social activities. Among the surveyed patients, those who absolutely do not participate in social activities account for 20%, and those who do not want to participate account for about 40%. Therefore, the main psychosocial problems of breast cancer patients after surgery are low self-esteem and the impact of the disease on social and marital life, and the size of the psychological burden is often related to the patient’s disease stage, personality type, age, social support, education level and marital status. From the above medical needs of breast cancer patients, we can learn that they not only want to be cured, but also to have their breasts back. In view of the situation of breast loss after breast cancer surgery, breast reconstruction was born through the tireless efforts of plastic surgeons. Breast reconstruction is the use of breast implants or autologous tissue transplants to reconstruct the defective breast. In the United States and other western developed countries, about 70% to 75% of breast cancer patients have undergone breast reconstruction surgery after surgery. Breast reconstruction surgery can not only restore a woman’s complete physical beauty, but also relieve the psychological pressure and obstacles caused by the loss of breast, restore her self-confidence, and significantly improve her quality of life. In China, due to the general lack of understanding of breast reconstruction surgery and the complicated and difficult technique of breast reconstruction with autologous tissue transplantation, few medical units carry out this surgery, so the percentage of breast reconstruction after breast cancer surgery is relatively low. At present, there are mainly prosthesis implantation, abdominal flap transplantation, back flap transplantation, buttock flap transplantation and autologous fat transplantation to reconstruct. As for the choice of specific methods, experienced doctors need to make a comprehensive judgment based on the patient’s characteristics as well as the treatment of the disease and the patient’s own requirements, and patients need to communicate with their doctors in detail.