In clinical work, we often encounter some children with congenital heart disease who miss the best time for surgery. For these children, the risk of surgery increases significantly, and the cost increases significantly, which causes great pressure on the family and society. Today, we will talk about the early treatment of congenital heart disease, which congenital heart diseases need early treatment, how effective the surgery is, how much the surgery costs, and other issues that parents are concerned about. I personally encountered two classic examples: one is a child diagnosed with complete endocardial cushion defect (also called complete atrial septal defect), the primary hospital doctor who diagnosed the disease told that it is a very complicated congenital heart disease, the effect is not good, the cost needs to be 100-200 thousand, the parents went home as soon as they heard it. When the child’s parents worked to earn 100,000, and could not bear not to see the child, they came to Nanjing Children’s Hospital Hospital for examination, but the child already had cardiac insufficiency and severe pulmonary hypertension, missing the best time for surgery. The other is a common ventricular septal defect, the child was found to be defective 7-8 mm when he was 3 months old, the child existed breathing fast, the pediatrician told the child to go home and wait, saying that this disease usually can only be operated when he is 5 or 6 years old. When the child came to Nanjing Children’s Hospital at the age of 5, he had severe pulmonary hypertension and had a bidirectional shunt, missing the best time for surgery. Second, the need for early surgery of precordial disease 1, neonatal coarctation ductus arteriosus is not closed, appearing respiratory insufficiency or can not be removed from the ventilator. 2.Great ventricular septal defect, or general ventricular defect combined with atrial defect and arteriovenous insufficiency, with symptoms of cardiac insufficiency such as nodding breathing. 3.Complete transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum or atresia/severe stenosis of the pulmonary artery requires emergency surgery to save the child’s life. This is because once the arterial duct or atrial septal defect is closed in a newborn, the child will quickly develop uncorrectable hypoxemia, acidosis and renal insufficiency and die. 4, All types of complete pulmonary vein ectopic drainage, if the diameter of the atrial septal defect is less than 5 mm, urgent surgical treatment is required and found to be both an indication for surgery. 5.Aortic arch dissection or complex aortic constriction, where the child is born with respiratory and circulatory insufficiency, acidosis, etc., requires early surgery. 6.Recurrent hypoxic episodes of tetralogy of Fallot, right ventricular double outlet with pulmonary artery stenosis require early surgery. 7. Those that require early intervention but are not emergencies also include: right ventricular double outlet with pulmonary hypertension, endocardial cushion defect with heart failure, permanent arterial stem, single ventricle, etc. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome requires multiple staged surgeries with less than ideal long-term results and is in its infancy in China, so it is not described here. Third, the effect of surgery The effect of surgery is a concern of parents. For neonates with coarctation ductus arteriosus and giant ventricular septal defect, the growth and development and quality of life similar to those of normal people can be obtained after surgery. Complete transposition of the great arteries with intact ventricular septum or pulmonary atresia/severe stenosis, the success rate of surgery for these diseases is generally above 80%, and the success rate of large domestic heart centers can reach more than 90%, and the children can survive for a long time and have a better quality of life after surgery. Complete ectopic pulmonary venous drainage and aortic arch dissection or complex aortic constriction make it difficult for the child to survive without surgery, and with advances in technology, the overall success rate for these diseases is now above 90%. There is no significant difference between surgery for tetralogy of Fallot and right ventricular double outlet with pulmonary stenosis after repeated hypoxic episodes and normal surgery for tetralogy of Fallot, see body for my scientific article on the treatment and follow-up of babies with tetralogy of Fallot. Therefore, for the above congenital heart disease, emergency surgery can save the child’s life and obtain a relatively good treatment result, without surgery, these children are likely to die prematurely or have serious complications that prevent them from receiving surgery.