Cervical spondylosis is a syndrome caused by cervical disc degeneration and cervical spine osteophytes due to various reasons such as trauma and long-term neck strain, and is characterized by neck and shoulder pain and discomfort, or radiating to the head and occipital region or upper limbs with numbness, or vertigo and dizziness, and in severe cases, even spasm of both lower limbs, difficulty walking, and even tetraplegia. Cervical spondylosis is one of the common and frequent diseases in middle and old people. According to statistics, its incidence increases with age. Chronic strain is the primary culprit in the development of cervical spondylosis. Long-term injury to local muscles, ligaments and joint capsule can cause local hemorrhage and edema, inflammatory changes, gradual inflammatory mechanization at the site of the lesion, and the formation of osteophytes, which affect local nerves and blood vessels. Trauma is a direct factor in the occurrence of cervical spondylosis. Often, people already have varying degrees of pathology prior to trauma, putting the cervical spine at high risk, and trauma directly induces the onset of symptoms. Poor posture is another major cause of cervical spine injury. Long hours of low work, lying in bed watching TV, reading books, like high pillows, long hours of computer operation, violent rotation of the neck or head, sleeping in a moving car, these poor postures will make the neck muscles in a long-term fatigue state, prone to injury. Cervical spine dysplasia or defects are also one of the causes of cervical spondylosis that cannot be ignored. Common cervical spondylosis can be divided into the following six types: 1, cervical type: the main performance of the neck and shoulder muscle pain and discomfort, after exertion and cold appear or aggravate, rest and heat physiotherapy to relieve. 2, nerve root type: cervical disc degenerative changes or osteophytes, the protruding nucleus pulposus stimulates or compresses the spinal nerve root, causing sensory and motor dysfunction of the upper limb, often manifesting as motor impairment or sensory numbness of one upper limb segment. 3, vertebral artery type: due to degenerative changes of the hook vertebral joint, stimulation or compression of the vertebral artery, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the vertebral basilar artery, often accompanied by dizziness, black haze and other symptoms, related to the rotation of the neck. 4, spinal cord type: cervical disc herniation, ligamentous hypertrophy calcification or other causes (mostly trauma and car accidents) cause cervical spinal canal bony stenosis, spinal cord compression and ischemia, causing spinal cord conduction dysfunction. Most of the cases start with the lower extremities and progress to the upper extremities. The main manifestations are unstable walking, a feeling of stepping on cotton under the feet, numbness in the extremities and gradual development of the upper body, very few accompanied by urinary and fecal difficulties, etc. 5, sympathetic nerve type: degenerative changes in the cervical intervertebral disc, stimulation or compression of sympathetic nerve fibers in the neck, causing a series of reflex symptoms such as panic and boredom, etc., which are rare clinically, and often mixed with cardiovascular disease, gastrointestinal disease, etc., and difficult to distinguish. 6. Mixed type: As the name implies, those with two or more manifestations at the same time are mixed types, which are common clinically. P.S.: Other types: such as esophageal compression type with foreign body sensation in swallowing, which is very rare clinically. Common imaging tests: cervical spine X-ray: cervical spine X-ray often shows loss of normal physiological curvature or reversion of the cervical spine, narrowing of the intervertebral space, narrowing of the spinal canal, formation of bone redundancy at the posterior edge of the vertebral body, and segmental instability of the cervical spine can also be observed in the hyperextension and hyperflexion of the cervical spine. CT of cervical spine: the hyperplastic calcification of cervical spine can be observed more clearly, and it has clear diagnostic value for spinal canal stenosis and vertebral body posterior margin bone redundancy formation. MRI of the cervical spine: It can clearly observe the herniated disc compressing the spinal cord and is routinely used as evidence for preoperative imaging to clarify the segment and extent of resection for surgery. The advantage of MRI is the ability to directly observe specific images of low-density tissue with muscle and spinal cord. Vertebrobasilar Doppler: It is used to detect the blood flow of the vertebral artery and also to observe the course of the vertebral artery. It has a high value in identifying patients with vertigo as the main symptom. Electromyography: It is suitable for patients with muscle weakness as the main manifestation, and its main use is to clarify the localization of the diseased nerve and to differentiate it from neurological diseases such as lateral sclerosis and neurodegeneration, but it requires more demanding examination conditions and often results in false positive results. Clinical physical signs examination: requires clinicians to form an operation based on patient symptoms and contributes to the diagnosis. Differential diagnosis: Clinical symptoms of cervical spondylosis are present, but should also be differentiated from symptoms not caused by cervical spondylosis. If the same symptoms of vertigo are present, otogenic vertigo, vestibular dysfunction, and auditory neuroma should be excluded first. There are also vertigo of cerebral origin and vertigo of ocular origin. In addition, the same neck and shoulder upper extremity pain should also be differentiated from such as drop pillow, frozen shoulder, thoracic outlet syndrome, tennis elbow, carpal tunnel syndrome. Rheumatic muscle and arthritis, spondylitis tumor, etc. should be differentiated. Treatment: 1. Oral medication: mainly used for pain relief and local anti-inflammation (sterile inflammation), with clearer efficacy for local soft tissue strain secondary to cervical instability, etc., but cannot treat cervical spondylosis at its root. For patients with weakness or numbness of the limbs, neurotrophic drugs can also be used to assist rehabilitation and promote recovery of the compressed nerves. 2.Traction method: Through the mutual balance between traction force and counter-traction force, the head and neck are relatively fixed in the physiological curve, so that the phenomenon of cervical spine curve is gradually changed, but its efficacy is limited, and it is only suitable for patients with mild neurogenic cervical spondylosis; traction is prohibited in the acute period to prevent local inflammation and edema from aggravating. And the clinical doctor needs to judge whether the protruding nucleus pulposus is supra-shoulder type or axillary type. 3.Physiotherapy: physiotherapy is the abbreviation of physical therapy. It is the application of natural and artificial physical factors, such as sound, light, electricity, heat and magnetism, to the human body to achieve the purpose of treatment and prevention of disease. However, its effect is also weak and cannot be treated at the root. 4, acupuncture: acupuncture for the relief of muscle pain, limb numbness and spinal cord irritation symptoms with good results, most patients take drugs at the same time with better results. 5, massage techniques: massage techniques for the relief of muscle pain effect is good, and can be slippery joints, decomposition of adhesions, so for joint movement is limited and myofascial adhesions formed nodules, the effect is good. 6, closed treatment: clinically there is also the application of hormones and lidocaine and nerve nutrition drugs local closed injection, can relieve pain, reduce edema. 7.For severe cases (especially spinal cord type caused by trauma), it is recommended that direct surgical treatment is effective. However, it should be pointed out that any surgery has certain risks, and it is necessary to strengthen local movement after surgery to avoid the formation of traumatic arthritis. About the prevention of cervical spondylosis: 1. Establish the right mentality, master the prevention and treatment of the disease by scientific means, and cooperate with the doctor to reduce recurrence. 2, strengthen the exercise of the neck and shoulder muscles, in free time at work, do forward flexion, backward extension and rotation of the head and both upper limbs, which can not only relieve fatigue, but also make the muscles developed and toughness enhanced, thus contributing to the stability of the cervical segment of the spine and enhancing the ability of the neck and shoulder to comply with sudden changes in the neck. 3, correct bad posture and habits, avoid high pillow sleep, do not shrug your shoulders, talk, read a book to look at the front. Keep the spine straight. 4, pay attention to the neck and shoulder to keep warm, avoid head and neck heavy objects, avoid excessive fatigue, do not doze off when sitting in a car. 5, early and thorough treatment of neck and shoulder, back soft tissue strain, to prevent its development into cervical spondylosis. 6.Avoid contusions in labor life, avoid head and neck injuries when braking sharply, and avoid falls.