Why chemotherapy is needed after a tumor has been completely removed by surgery

At the early stage of tumor growth, tumor cells have already spread throughout the body (such as liver, lung, bone, brain, etc.) through blood circulation and lymphatic channels, thus laying a hidden danger for recurrence and metastasis, and the current medical means cannot detect these scattered “seeds (cells)”. Therefore, tumor is not a local disease, but a systemic disease. In addition to surgical removal of the local mass at an early stage, chemotherapy drugs are also needed to kill the systemically disseminated “seeds”, so as to prevent recurrence and metastasis of the tumor as much as possible.