The most common head and neck tumors in infants and children mainly include hemangioma, thyroglossal cyst, gill slit cyst, lymphadenoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, lymphoma, thyroid tumor, histiocytosis X, fibromatosis, etc. 1.Hemangioma: it appears at 1 month after birth, develops fast around 2 years old, 80% will disappear at 7-8 years old This is a common benign tumor among infant head and neck tumors, which originates from residual embryonic angiogenic cells and vascular malformation caused by excessive development or abnormal differentiation of blood vessels. It can be classified as capillary hemangioma, cavernous hemangioma, trabecular hemangioma, etc. Most hemangiomas appear in infants about one month after birth. By about 2 years of age, they develop more rapidly and mainly manifest as an increase in the localized size of the lesion. Some hemangiomas are visible at birth, initially resembling a mosquito bite like red spot, later increasing in size and thickening and turning the tumor bright red. The shape of hemangioma is various, such as patchy, prune-like, bead-like, or soft blue-purple lump, and the color of the surface can recede when it is pressed by hand, and when the pressure is lifted, the blood immediately fills the tumor and restores the original size and color. 80% of hemangiomas will naturally subside before the child is 7-8 years old, so you should not be too nervous and rush to deal with them too early. For hemangiomas growing on the face and increasing in size, early treatment should be more effective than late treatment and have less impact on the face. For hemangioma that grows in important parts and affects breathing, eating and speech, it must be treated early. 2. Thyroglossal cyst: congenital malformation, requiring surgery This is a congenital malformation. It usually appears as a round mass in the midline area of the neck, most of which is located below the upper hyoid bone, with a smooth surface when touched and generally painless, and the mass can move upward when the tongue is stretched. It grows slowly and sometimes feels smaller. When inflamed, it will increase significantly and become painful when touched. Surgery is generally advocated for thyroglossal cysts, but ectopic thyroids must be ruled out before surgery to avoid mistaken removal of ectopic thyroids. 3.Rhabdomyosarcoma: treatment with radiotherapy is the most common solid tumor in children This is one of the most common solid tumors in children, most of which are embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. The main causes are related to genetic factors and chromosomal abnormalities. The clinical presentation varies depending on the site of growth. If the tumor grows in the nasal cavity or nasopharynx, the main manifestations are nasal blockage, snoring and breath-holding during sleep, nasal mucus and other discomforts, and the examination shows a mass in the nasal cavity or nasopharynx with rich blood vessels on the surface, which can be easily misdiagnosed as adenoid hypertrophy, lymphoma or angiofibroma, etc. The destruction of bone at the skull base can be seen in CT. If the tumor grows in the external auditory canal or middle ear, there will be bleeding from the ear and hearing loss. If the tumor grows in the parotid gland, the main manifestation is swelling and bulging in the subauricular region, and some children have facial paralysis. Definitive diagnosis depends on biopsy. In general, radiotherapy is the main treatment for rhabdomyosarcoma, and residual foci can be removed surgically. 4.Malignant tumor of thyroid gland: Most of them are single thyroid masses. Thyroid cancer in children is mostly papillary carcinoma, the cause of which is mainly related to radiation exposure and other factors. With standardized treatment, thyroid cancer has a good prognosis. 5.Lymphoma: It is a malignant tumor of the hematopoietic system and is more common in children. It often manifests as neck mass, tonsil enlargement and nasopharyngeal mass. In most cases, the masses need to be removed and sent for pathological examination. Treatment is based on chemotherapy. The residual foci after chemotherapy can be surgically removed. 6, gill slit cyst: congenital malformation of the cervical side Substantially a congenital malformation. It grows on the lateral side of the neck and is often located on the deep surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. The mass is medium in texture, sometimes cystic, sometimes hard, and the surface of the mass is generally smooth, with clear borders and no obvious tenderness or pressure. The treatment method is mainly surgery. 7.Lymphangiectasia: surgical removal or injection of drugs A congenital malformation. Most of them grow in the submandibular area and are soft to palpation, with unclear borders and positive transillumination test. Unlike hemangioma, it usually does not fade on its own. Surgical excision or injection of drugs such as sclerosing agent and pinyamycin is required.