Mediastinal occupations are not necessarily tumors, but can also be seen as retrosternal goiters and cysts. Mediastinum is a general term for a group of organs, structures, and other tissues located between the pleura of the mediastinum, which is preceded by the sternum and followed by the spine. Mediastinal space refers to the presence of a space-occupying lesion in the thoracic mediastinum. In addition to tumors, mediastinal occupations can present with cysts, such as those of the bronchus, esophagus, and atrium, which are benign occupying lesions. There are also retrosternal goiters, which are usually associated with hyperthyroidism and dyspnea. The most common lesions of mediastinal space occupation are tumors, accounting for more than 80% of cases, and most of them are malignant, such as thymoma and thymic carcinoma, etc. Once found, they should be treated in time, and their surgery is perfect, with a better prognosis.