The treatment of the hyperosmolar state of diabetes mellitus is primarily rehydration therapy and insulin therapy. The first step is to give isotonic fluids to help restore blood volume and prevent cerebral edema. The specific choice depends on the condition. Hypotension and hyponatremia are treated with isotonic fluids, which are switched to hypotonic fluids when blood pressure is restored. If the blood pressure is normal, hypotonic fluids are used directly. If shock occurs, blood or plasma transfusion is required in addition to isotonic fluids.
The principle of the rate of infusion is to start fast and then slow down when the fluid is replenished.
Give 10u of regular insulin as per the 100mg/dl increase in blood glucose, and in case of circulatory collapse use intravenous drip followed by intramuscular or subcutaneous insulin, and measure blood glucose at all times during treatment.
Diabetic hyperosmolarity is caused by poor control of usual blood glucose and occurs most often in patients with diabetes. The diabetic hyperosmolar state is one of the complications of diabetes, and when it occurs, it is a serious condition with a high mortality rate.
Patients with diabetes should take medication for life and be regulated, with regular blood glucose testing.