The retina is the innermost layer of the eye, a membrane structure that plays a vital role in the formation of vision. Retinopathy refers to a disease of this layer. There are many possible types and causes of retinopathy, such as inflammation, vascular disease, tumors, etc. Inflammatory infections also have more possible causes, and pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses can occur. Vascular diseases are the most common, such as arterial blockage or venous blockage, which are more serious eye diseases and can cause significant vision loss in a short period of time. Some systemic diseases may also be associated with vascular diseases, especially hypertension. In addition, there may be tumors, such as retinoblastoma, which is a highly malignant tumor due to congenital genetic factors and requires early identification and treatment. Other conditions include, for example, retinal degeneration that may occur in patients with high myopia, which is also a relatively common type. Early identification of which type of retinal disease exists and consideration of formal treatment modalities can help prevent irreversible damage to visual function.