Optic neuritis is a specific type of lesion of the nervous system that has a number of possible causes, and early diagnosis and treatment is essential. The most common cause of optic neuritis is probably related to brain disorders, such as demyelinating diseases, and the first manifestation of multiple sclerosis is optic neuritis. The patient’s subjective experience is a sudden, significant loss of vision, even to the point of light perception within 1-2 days in severe cases. The typical symptoms of optic neuritis include a painful sensation when the eye is turned. Optic neuritis can be cured. The disease has a tendency to heal on its own. However, the onset of the disease often results in a very severe loss of vision to the point of near blindness, and recovery may take a long time, usually several months to more than a year. For this reason, the vast majority of patients and physicians embrace an aggressive treatment program. The main treatment modality is to administer hormonal shock therapy as soon as possible. For patients with certain immune factors, concomitant immunosuppression may also be considered. Optic neuritis is inherently serious in terms of damage to vision, so early diagnosis is essential to choose whether hormone shock therapy is needed and to develop an individualized treatment plan based on individual circumstances.