Parapharyngeal space tumor surgery is a relatively major surgery. The parapharyngeal space is a potential space surrounded by fascia located in the lateral aspect of the epiglottis, which is difficult to access because of the complexity of the structures, the deep anatomical location of the parapharyngeal space, and the many important neurovascular vessels surrounding the area. Unfamiliarity with this site may present serious intraoperative risks and cause postoperative complications. With the anatomical and pathological characteristics of parapharyngeal space tumors, the choice of surgical access is more difficult to determine, and sometimes the surgical field cannot be fully exposed, which increases the difficulty of surgery, so it is a difficult surgery. When patients need to undergo parapharyngeal space tumor resection, they should carefully carry out all the examinations, take countermeasures against possible intraoperative risks, maintain the hygiene of the oropharynx after the operation, and follow the doctor’s instructions to regulate the use of medication and treatment.