1.What is Raynaud’s disease (sign)? Raynaud’s disease is a group of paroxysmal peripheral arterial spasm diseases caused by vascular nerve dysfunction. Because the French doctor Raynaud first reported 25 cases of episodic finger ischemic disease caused by finger artery spasm in 1862, it was named Raynaud’s disease (Raynaud’s disease). The concept of “Raynaud’s phenomena” was introduced. The current naming of the disease tends to be collectively called “Raynaud’s syndrome”, including primary Raynaud’s disease and Raynaud’s phenomenon secondary to other systemic diseases of two types. 2.What are the clinical manifestations of Raynaud’s disease? Raynaud’s syndrome is often triggered by cold stimulation, or emotional excitement, etc. Typical symptoms are paroxysmal “pale – cyanosis – flushing – normal” periodic changes in the skin color of the extremities, pale, cyanotic, flushing period with The pain disappears when the skin color is normal. Repeated episodes of symptoms may lead to dystrophic changes in the skin of the fingers (toes), such as finger ulcers or gangrene formation. It is common in both hands of the upper extremities, and occasionally in the lower extremities, mouth, lips and nipples. The age of onset is between 20 and 30 years old, and it is more likely to occur in cold areas and cold seasons. 3.What are the causes and mechanisms of Raynaud’s syndrome? The cause of Raynaud’s syndrome is still not very clear, but it may be related to sympathetic nerve dysfunction, vascular endothelial injury, neurohormonal abnormalities, hematological abnormalities and abnormal gonadal function. Cold stimulation, emotional stress, nervousness and endocrine disorders are the main stimulating factors. The pathological mechanism is mainly the intense spasm of small muscular arteries and small finger (toe) arteries, which causes tissue ischemia (pale phase), hypoxia and metabolite accumulation (cyanotic phase), followed by vasodilation, tissue congestion and reperfusion (flushed phase), and improvement of hypoxia and metabolite accumulation are taken away (return to normal). Studies have shown that perivascular autonomic and sensory nerves, vascular endothelial cells, and vascular smooth muscle are involved in the regulation of vasodilation and contraction. The pathological mechanisms of Raynaud’s syndrome are threefold: (1) neurogenic mechanisms; (2) interaction between blood and blood vessel wall; (3) inflammatory abnormalities and immune response. Studies have shown that patients are often sympathetically hyperactive, and the application of sympathetic blocking agents can relieve the symptoms, so sympathetic hyperexcitation may be the main cause of the syndrome, while the latter two are often related to the secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon. 4.How to treat Raynaud’s syndrome? A.Medication: Nifedipine, reserpine, prostaglandin, warm tonic Chinese medicine. B.Surgical treatment: Patients who have severe ischemic symptoms or cannot continue to use drugs due to the adverse effects of the drugs themselves can be treated by surgical methods. At present, the commonly used surgical methods are thoracoscopic upper thoracic sympathetic nerve block, chemical thoracic sympathectomy, stellate ganglion block and extra-arterial sympathetic nerve terminal resection. Surgical treatment can significantly improve the symptoms of terminal ischemia of the limbs, promote the healing of ulcers, relieve pain, reduce the incidence of gangrene and amputation of fingers (toes), and improve the quality of life of patients. C. Minimally invasive interventional treatment: For the main pathogenesis of Raynaud’s syndrome is the small vessel reactive spasm caused by the overexcitation of the thoracic sympathetic nerve, we adopt the minimally invasive interventional treatment technique of “CT-guided percutaneous thoracic sympathetic nerve block” to release the overexcitation of the thoracic sympathetic nerve, which has achieved good results. The advantages of this technique include no surgery, small trauma (only two fine needles from the back), fast effect (5 min after block injection), fast recovery (the patient can walk after removing the needles), and low cost (less than 1/2 of the cost of thoracoscopic surgery), which is worthy of clinical promotion. D. For secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon, treat the primary disease at the same time. E. Prevention of Raynaud’s syndrome: The key to prevent Raynaud’s syndrome is to strengthen warmth measures, relieve mental stress in time, and keep a happy mood.