1. History of urinary stones Bladder and kidney stones have been found in mummies from ancient Egypt in 4800 BC. In the Hebraic oath, urinary tract stones are also mentioned. 2. What are urinary tract stones Urinary tract stones are mainly stones that occur in the renal pelvis, ureter, bladder and urethra. The incidence of urinary tract stones is 2-3%, mostly seen in people aged 20-40 years old, with a male to female ratio of 3:1. 3. Relationship between urinary tract stones and heredity Urinary tract stones may be associated with polygenic defects and partial defective gene outgrowth. It has also been found that the dietary habits of families are closely related to the formation of urinary tract stones. 4, who are prone to urinary tract stones (1) located in tropical or subtropical, hot and humid arid climate, high incidence of stones. (2) High animal protein intake can lead to an increase in calcium and uric acid content in urine and a decrease in citrate, which is an important factor in promoting the formation of urinary stones. Studies have shown that the formation of upper urinary tract stones is associated with high animal protein intake. (3) Consumption of more dairy products may reduce the incidence of bladder stones in children. (4) Sucrose can lead to an increase in lithogenic substances in the urine, especially urinary calcium. (5) The incidence of kidney stones is inversely proportional to the consumption of cereals, vegetables and dietary fiber. (6) Vitamin B6 is beneficial in preventing hyperoxaluria. (7) Excessive intake of calcium and sodium increases the chance of urinary stone formation. (7) People engaged in sedentary occupations are prone to urinary stones. (8) Certain diseases predispose to urinary stones, such as hyperparathyroidism, brake syndrome, cortisolism, chronic gastrointestinal diseases, gout, malignant tumors, etc. (9) Certain drugs are related to stone formation, such as excessive use of vitamin D, corticosteroids, sulfonamides, aspirin, etc. 5.The effect of water consumption on stone formation. The decrease in urine volume will relatively increase the concentration of calcium stone forming ingredients and promote stone formation. But on the other hand, the urine inhibits the production of stones in the composition of the relative increase, and slow down the production of stones. Therefore, if the volume of urine is less than 1000 ml a day, the chance of stone formation is greatly increased, but if the volume of urine exceeds 2500-3000 ml a day, it is no better for stone prevention.