Winter was born only 2 months ago, 2 days ago began to have nasal congestion, cough, this morning the cough worsened, and appear shortness of breath, nasal agitation, blue face, mouth foam, the family was terrified, rushed to the hospital. When they arrived at the emergency room, Dongdong’s mother was stunned. What kind of disease was she suffering from? The problem is capillary bronchitis, which is a lower respiratory tract infection unique to children. This is a unique type of lower respiratory tract infection. Capillary bronchitis occurs in children within 2 years of age, especially in infants aged 2 to 6 months. Because the inflammation occurs in the small hair-like bronchi, it is called “capillary bronchitis” or “hairy bronchitis” for short. When the gas in the lungs is blocked from entering and leaving the small bronchi, it manifests as wheezing, which is also called “wheezing pneumonia”. The main pathogen of capillary bronchitis, which is common among children in the autumn and winter in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, is respiratory syncytial virus. The main manifestation: two or three days after an infant suffers from the disease, there is a persistent dry cough and paroxysmal wheezing. When wheezing occurs, the child’s breathing increases, accompanied by prolonged expiratory time and expiratory croup. The condition often worsens two to three days after the onset of wheezing, with pallor, blue around the mouth, restlessness, and moaning. In severe cases, heart failure or respiratory failure may be combined, and the mortality rate is 1%. Respiratory syncytial virus is an RNA virus and belongs to the family of paramyxoviridae. According to statistics, in Beijing, 48% of viral pneumonia and 58% of capillary bronchitis are caused by syncytial virus (1980-1984); in Guangzhou, 31.4% of pediatric pneumonia and capillary bronchitis are caused by syncytial virus (1973-1986); in the United States, 20%-25% of infant and child pneumonia and 50%-75% of capillary bronchitis are caused by syncytial virus. The virus is transmitted by airborne droplets and close contact. Viral pneumonia is most often seen in children under 3 years of age, with more severe cases seen from 1 to 6 months of age. The incubation period is 3 to 7 days. In infants and young children, symptoms are more severe and may include high fever, rhinitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis, and later manifest as bronchitis and pneumonia. A small number of children may have otitis media, pleurisy and myocarditis. In adults and older children, the main manifestation of infection is upper respiratory tract infection. Syncytial virus pneumonia can occur at any time after birth because maternally transmitted antibodies do not prevent infection. It is most common in winter and spring in northern China and in spring and summer in Guangdong. The incidence is high in autumn and winter in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Reinfection with syncytial virus is extremely common because antibodies do not completely prevent infection. A prominent feature of “hairy bronchitis” is that the child’s breathlessness increases in the morning after waking up and at night when sleeping. In order to address the circadian rhythm characteristics of capillary bronchitis, the use of “chronotherapy”, that is, time therapeutic approach is appropriate. This is different from the traditional therapy of once-a-day drip or thrice-a-day oral administration. General care: Keep the air in the room fresh and at the right temperature (18-20 degrees) and humidity (55%-60%). Remove nasal and oral secretions, change position regularly, and pat the back to keep the airway open. Adequate calories and hydration. Anti-infection: “Mao Zhi” is a lung infection caused by respiratory virus. Anti-viral drugs or some Chinese medicines such as Shuanghuanglian and Yansuuning are available, but they have no significant effect on shortening the course of the disease. For combined or secondary infections such as bacteria and mycoplasma, antibacterial agents are available. Cough and phlegm relief: To promote the discharge of mucous secretions in the respiratory tract, drugs with cough and phlegm relief, antispasmodic and wheezing effects can be taken orally. Calming asthma treatment: give medication twice in the morning after waking up and before going to bed. Nebulized inhalation of budesonide, salbutamol, ipratropium and other drugs can be selected according to the age and condition; oral montelukast (cisplatin), terbutaline precursors or cetirizine can also be given at bedtime; temporary intravenous application of glucocorticoids, etc. can be used if necessary. Treatment of complications and comorbidities: if heart failure and respiratory failure occur, treat accordingly; if malnutrition and rickets are present, they should be treated at the same time; hypoxia requires oxygen absorption.