Medical checkups, in addition to professional medical checkup centers, sometimes you can also give yourself a checkup Oh! (A friendly reminder: the elderly themselves have been suffering from serious cardiovascular disease, careful to do the following part of the examination, in order to avoid excessive force caused by injury) A. Pulmonary function tests 1, holding a deep breath, and then hold your breath, the longer the better. It is ideal to hold your breath for 50 seconds (30 seconds for 50 years old, 25 seconds for 60 years old), if less than 10 seconds, it means that the lung function is very poor. 2, blow a deep breath, and then blow hard, can blow within 3 seconds is normal lung function (50 years old for 4 seconds, 60 years old for 5 seconds). Middle-aged and elderly people blowing time more than 6 seconds, indicating a decline in lung function, there may be airway obstructive lung disease, most likely caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cardiac function test 1. Trot in place for a while (feel a slight shortness of breath), and increase the pulse rate to 100-120 beats per minute. After stopping the activity, if the pulse rate returns to normal in 5-6 minutes, the heart function is good. If 8 minutes to recover, it means that the heart function is poor; more than 8 minutes, the heart function is problematic. 2, climbing stairs in the middle-aged and elderly people climbing 3-5 flights of stairs to feel a faster heartbeat, some shortness of breath, but rest for 10 minutes to return to normal for good. If the heart feels like jumping out of the throat after climbing the stairs, and still feels shortness of breath and difficulty in breathing after resting for 20-30 minutes, or even the heartbeat is getting faster and faster, the heart function is obviously declining. Third, atherosclerosis check Sitting forward bending on the floor, straighten your legs forward, toes facing up, bend forward at the waist, and stretch your arms forward to try to reach your toes. If you cannot reach the toes, or feel discomfort such as breathlessness and panic during the process of reaching the toes, it means that the arteries may be hardened. The walls of the arteries are stretched when doing the above actions, and discomfort will occur if the walls of the blood vessels are hardened. Unilateral eyelid ptosis in middle-aged and elderly people with sudden drooping of one eyelid is a sign of diabetes-induced arterial nerve palsy. Long-term chronic hyperglycemia can cause metabolic disturbances in the body, which can lead to diabetic microangiopathy and cause unilateral eyelid ptosis. The affected side of the supraorbital area is painful and sometimes sees things with double vision. V. Glaucoma examination Observe the pupil The normal diameter of the pupil is 2-5 mm, round. An oval pupil is mostly a sign of glaucoma. When the intraocular pressure increases in glaucoma patients, the terminal ischemia of the arterial vessels is most pronounced, so the ischemia of the upper and lower iris is the earliest and heaviest, and the ischemic atrophy of the iris is more pronounced, resulting in a vertical oval pupil. Sixth, kidney disease examination Check urine protein take 100 ml of fresh urine, put it into a vessel and heat it to boiling, the urine will appear cloudy. At this time, put 5-10 drops of white vinegar in the urine and heat it again, if the turbidity disappears, it means normal, if the turbidity does not disappear, it is proteinuria, which should be alarmed. If the tongue is purple, the blood is sticky; if it is not only purple but also has purple spots, the blood is too sticky and has poor circulation and bruising. Eight, osteoporosis examination Measure the middle finger spacing two hands to both sides of the horizontal straight, measure the straight line distance between the middle finger tips of both hands, and then measure the height. If the height is less than the distance between the two fingers, it indicates osteoporosis and reduced bone density. If the height is 2-3 cm less than the distance between the fingertips, the X-ray photograph can show obvious osteoporosis. Nine, lumbar disc herniation test, abdominal extension supine, both hands on the side of the body, with the occiput and the two heels as the pressure point, lift the abdomen upward, maintain the above position and deep inhalation and hold it for 10-20 seconds, hold it until the face is flushed, if you feel lumbar pain and lower limb radiating pain, it indicates lumbar disc herniation. This test is to increase the pressure in the lumbar spinal canal by increasing the intra-abdominal pressure. If the lumbar disc herniation causes nerve root lesion, it will cause pain in the lower back and lower limbs. Ten, sacroiliac joint test, also known as the “4” test, lying on your back, place one foot bent inward on the other side of the straightened thigh. Ask a family member to press the opposite hip bone with one hand and press the bent knee down with the other hand, if there is pain in the hip, it means the sacroiliac joint is diseased. Sacroiliac joint disease is one of the common causes of back and leg pain, especially in the elderly.