1. Can acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding be prevented?
The prevention of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is mainly done in the following aspects.
(1) prevention of dietary management: eat a light, easily digestible diet (high protein, high carbohydrate, high vitamin), regular rationing, avoid drinking alcohol, and be careful with barbed food. If you have abdominal discomfort, avoid raw, cold, hard and hot food as much as possible, and mainly eat semi-liquid food, and reduce the amount of food appropriately, reaching 80% to 90% full, and then eat normally when the symptoms are relieved.
(2) Prevention of environmental adaptation: Understand the potential risk factors of your work and living environment, and take effective avoidance measures against the risks. Increase or decrease clothing accordingly with the change of temperature.
(3) Prevention of improving sleep quality: regular work and rest system, appropriate exercise, but should avoid strenuous activity and exertion. Make full use of the duty, training and execution of tasks between to ensure sleep. Go to bed on time, or simulate sleep time in advance according to maritime training time, and adjust as much as possible to make their sleep patterns meet the requirements of training and tasks.
(4) Prevention of mental and psychological adjustment: pay attention to the regularity of life, maintain a happy spirit, avoid anger and excessive excitement, for work and life negative events (such as the death of relatives and other events) to treat correctly, good at regulating themselves.
(5) Prevention of drug application: take drugs as prescribed by the doctor for epigastric discomfort, and take drugs for gastric mucous membrane irritation after meals. Such as taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antipyretic and analgesic drugs, cold medicine, should be stopped as far as possible, such as abdominal discomfort, should promptly find a doctor according to the symptoms of reasonable drug consumption, trying to quickly relieve the symptoms, do not make the disease, to achieve the purpose of prevention. Choose blood-activating drugs carefully.
(6) Standardize diagnosis and treatment, and seek timely consultation and treatment according to the treatment norms. Seek medical attention promptly when bleeding aura such as nausea, dizziness, panic, black stool is found.
2.What is acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding refers to bleeding caused by gastrointestinal disorders above the flexural ligament, and upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a common clinical emergency that can be life-threatening in serious cases.
3.What are the symptoms and manifestations of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding or physical discomfort?
Gastrointestinal bleeding is clinically manifested by vomiting coffee-colored liquid or dark red blood, or tarry black stool, or dark red blood stool in case of massive bleeding, which is usually accompanied by acute peripheral circulatory disorders caused by blood volume reduction, such as panic and dizziness. Gastrointestinal bleeding often has symptoms of underlying diseases, such as peptic ulcer with a history of chronic recurrent epigastric pain; stress ulcer patients mostly have a clear source of stress; malignant tumor patients mostly have weakness, loss of appetite, wasting and other manifestations; jaundice, right upper abdominal colic symptoms should be considered biliary tract bleeding.
4.What factors can cause acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a series of diseases caused by various reasons. Clinically, injuries to the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, bile and pancreas can cause bleeding, and the most common diseases include peptic ulcer, stress ulcer, acute and chronic inflammation of the upper gastrointestinal mucosa are the most common. The use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin or other anti-platelet aggregation drugs is also an important cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding.
5.Why does acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding occur?
Injuries caused by various upper gastrointestinal diseases may cause bleeding if they affect the submucosal vessels, and clinically significant gastrointestinal bleeding may occur if there is a large amount of bleeding or if there is a disorder in the coagulation mechanism.
6.How to diagnose acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding? How to self-judge whether there is acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
The presence of gastrointestinal bleeding can be diagnosed from the clinical symptoms of blood vomiting or blood in stool, and endoscopy is required to identify the site of bleeding. Self-judgment can be made by the presence of coffee-colored liquid or dark red blood in vomit or tarry black stool, or dark red blood stool in case of massive bleeding.
7.With which diseases are acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding easily confused or which diseases should be differentiated?
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is generally easy to distinguish and not easily confused, but it needs to be differentiated from lower gastrointestinal bleeding, but both have similar management plans and both require emergency medical attention for patients. However, it should be noted that bleeding from certain oral, nasal, pharyngeal or respiratory lesions is swallowed into the esophagus, and taking certain drugs (such as iron, bismuth, etc.) and food (such as animal blood, etc.) causes blackening of the stool. For suspected patients, gastric juice, vomitus or fecal occult blood test is feasible.
8.What tests can help to confirm the diagnosis of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Gastric fluid, vomitus or fecal occult blood test can clarify whether there is bleeding or not, blood routine can indirectly reflect whether there is bleeding and the severity of bleeding, but endoscopy is needed to confirm the diagnosis to clarify the cause.
9.How to treat acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
The consequences of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding are generally serious, so it is necessary to be treated in a professional institution, and endoscopy is preferred to clarify the disease causing the bleeding when the cardiopulmonary condition is stabilized with timely rehydration, and then treat the disease symptomatically according to the situation.
10.What are the precautions in the drug treatment and prevention of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding is mainly bed rest during the bleeding period to avoid aggravation of the bleeding after activity, and activity can be resumed gradually after the bleeding stops, but overwork and heavy exercise should be avoided in the short term. Usually, treatment of the primary disease should be continued after the bleeding stops. For example, after the bleeding of peptic ulcer stops, anti-ulcer treatment still needs to be carried out for about 1 month, and the medication should be taken on time, and the gastroscopy should be reviewed after the medication is stopped to clarify whether the primary disease is cured.
11.What should be the dietary management during the prevention and treatment of acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding?
During acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, water is usually abstained. After the bleeding stops, you can consider resuming the diet and transitioning from a liquid diet to a normal diet, with an easy-to-digest and light diet, avoiding stimulating foods, and prohibiting smoking and alcohol.