(Disclaimer: This article is for scientific use only, and the information in the following content has been processed to protect patient privacy) Abstract: Early osteoporosis often has no obvious symptoms, so women after menopause and men over 60 years of age should be alert to the occurrence of osteoporosis. The progression of the disease can be effectively controlled through changes in lifestyle habits and rational use of medication. The patient mentioned in this article came to the clinic with sudden onset of lumbar pain after severe coughing. After medical history as well as examination, she was diagnosed with lumbar compression fracture caused by severe osteoporosis, and was advised to undergo surgery plus medication, which eventually relieved her lumbar pain and increased her bone mass, improving her quality of life. [Basic information] Female, 68 years old [Type of disease] Osteoporosis, lumbar compression fracture [Hospital] The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University [Date of consultation] April 2022 [Treatment plan] Lifestyle improvement + medication (calcium, active vitamin D, bisphosphonates) + PKP surgery [Treatment period] Hospitalization for 5 days, regular outpatient follow-up [Treatment effect] Low back pain The patient came to the clinic with sudden onset of low back pain after severe coughing for 2 days. The patient was 160 cm tall, weighed 75 kg, and had a mild hunchback. The patient seldom went out, had a light diet, did not eat much, did not have bad habits such as smoking and drinking, and was 45 years old at menopause. The family described that the patient had gradually developed a stooped back in the past 5 years, accompanied by intermittent low back pain. 2 days ago, a sudden onset of severe pain in the lower back was caused by choking and coughing, and the pain increased when turning over or getting up, and the patient is now confined to bed. In view of the obvious lumbar pain, the patient first underwent an X-ray examination, through which it was clearly seen that the patient had a fracture of the 1st lumbar vertebra and, in addition, the vertebral cortex was significantly thinned. The diagnosis of osteoporosis was confirmed by these examinations, which showed a T value of -3.3. II. Treatment history Based on the patient’s medical history and relevant examinations, the diagnosis of lumbar compression fracture due to severe osteoporosis was made. After communicating with the patient and his family, a corresponding treatment plan was formulated for the patient: 1. First, the fractured vertebra was recommended to undergo PKP surgery, which means that the fractured vertebra was reset and reinforced with bone cement. 2.Adjustment of lifestyle habits, strengthening outdoor activities and light exposure, balanced diet, and strengthening calcium intake in the diet. 3.Supplement calcium and vitamin D, apply bisphosphonate drugs, and supplement active vitamin D in winter when sunlight is low, which facilitates calcium absorption. 4. Pay attention to protection in regular activities to minimize the possibility of falls and trauma. III. Treatment effect After treatment with PKP surgery, the patient’s lumbar pain symptoms were quickly relieved, and movements such as turning over and getting up could be completed smoothly. Postoperative review radiographs showed that the morphology of the lumbar spine was basically restored, the vertebral body was filled with filled bone cement, and the bone volume increased. The patient was able to leave bed on the second day after surgery and did not need to stay in bed, and the quality of life was significantly improved. The patient recovered well during his stay in the hospital and decided to be discharged on the 3rd day after surgery. The patient came to the outpatient clinic for a review 1 month after surgery and indicated that he had resumed normal life and was satisfied with the treatment effect. IV. Precautions Osteoporosis leads to a decrease in bone strength, so minor violence can cause fractures. Although the fracture can be surgically reset, it is only the first step in the treatment of the disease, and if the treatment of osteoporosis is not taken seriously, fractures in other locations may occur in the future. Therefore, after patients are discharged from the hospital, I instruct that they need to review their bone density annually and pay attention to the change of T value. Also, it is important to avoid spicy and stimulating diet in life, and to eat more calcium-containing foods, such as soy products, milk, cereals and nuts. You also need to maintain good lifestyle habits, pay more attention to exercise, more sunshine, and pay attention to calcium intake, especially important for menopausal women. Usually, you should protect yourself, try to avoid traumatic falls, and adhere to anti-osteoporosis treatment. I am glad that the patient’s condition has been well improved after this treatment. V. Personal insight When the human body enters old age, the calcium in the body will be lost unknowingly. Early osteoporosis has no symptoms, and patients are often concerned about this disease only after a fracture occurs, at which time, osteoporosis is often already more serious. In fact, through exercise and dietary calcium supplementation, adequate sun exposure and other methods in life, it is possible to effectively avoid calcium deficiency and calcium loss. For menopausal women, it is even more important to pay attention to their bone density. Through early prevention, it is entirely possible to maintain one’s bone mass at a normal level.