The phenomenon of fractures in the elderly increases significantly after winter, which is related to the lower temperature, reduced activity, thicker clothing, and poorer hand and foot coordination, which can cause falls. If you fall and use your hands to brace yourself, you will fracture your wrist (remote radius) and shoulder (proximal humerus), and if you land on your hip, you will fracture the proximal femur such as the femoral neck, intertrochanteric fracture or pelvic fracture. The causes of fractures in the elderly are broadly divided into two main reasons. The first is physiological factors and the second is environmental factors. Physiological factors: Elderly people are unable to control their posture because of their aging physique and poor sense of balance. Degeneration of vision, presbyopia, and insensitivity to adaptation to darkness make it easy to collide in the dark and thus fall. Most elderly people suffer from osteoporosis, which can easily lead to fractures once they fall. Environmental factors: Carpets and step mats are not fixed properly. Insufficient indoor light. The floor is too smooth to cause a fall. Objects on the floor. Unsafe bathroom. No fixed handrails on stairs. Wearing too heavy clothes. Shoes that are too slippery. If you want the elderly to have a comfortable and carefree life, it is recommended that you find a trusted orthopedic surgeon to do a bone density test to understand the strength of the bones, to draw up a plan to prevent osteoporosis, and to give easy bone strengthening medication if necessary, and then to pay attention to the four aspects of food, clothing, housing and transportation. Diet: Take more calcium and vitamin D. If you lack vitamin D, the absorption of calcium will be reduced. Sources of calcium include dairy products such as cow’s milk and cheese, fish with bones, sesame seeds, soy products, or calcium tablets prescribed by a doctor. There are many different sources of calcium, such as calcium lactate, calcium gluconate, calcium citrate, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, etc. Among them, calcium tablets containing water-soluble calcium lactate, calcium gluconate and calcium citrate are more easily absorbed. Vitamin D can be obtained by drinking milk and getting sunlight. A balanced diet is most important, if the Chinese people only pay attention to the pursuit of various supplements, they think they can rest easy, in fact, it is not necessary and incorrect. Clothing: The clothing should be light and warm, adding too much clothing will lead to mobility problems. Home environment: Attention should be paid to the convenience and safety of the elderly. Keep things that the elderly need in a fixed low place to avoid climbing high to get them. Keep toilets dry, put non-slip mats and wear non-slip slippers. The floor of your home should not be too slippery, and you can wear non-slip slippers if necessary. Do not change the position of furniture too often, so that the elderly will not be unable to adapt. Toilets are preferable to sitting ones, and it is best to install handrails in and around the toilet, which are generally available in medical stores. Add a different color band on the edge of each step of the stairs to prevent the elderly from falling due to poor eyesight. Use shoes with anti-slip function. Choose exercises that are suitable for the elderly: gentle exercises, such as national health exercises, walking, riding a stationary bicycle, etc. Swimming, water sports and other sports, because of the buoyancy in the water, can avoid fractures due to collisions, but be aware that the pool floor is slippery. If an elderly person accidentally falls at home, please follow the following steps: 1.It is best to sit or lie still and call for help. 2.Check for severe swelling, bone deformation, inability to move the limb, and unbearable pain. 3.If you have the above symptoms, you may have a fracture. Take a wooden board or a long hard board nearby (the length should exceed the joints above and below the injury), and then use a gauze bandage or a stocking or a towel to do a simple fixation to limit the movement of the injury to avoid aggravating the injury and reducing the pain. 4.Immediately send to the doctor for examination and treatment. 5.If there is no symptom of the second item above, you can stand up slowly with the assistance of bystanders or by yourself. 6.Continue to observe and apply ice. If you still have the second symptom above, or if the pain increases and you are gradually unable to move, you may still have a fracture and need to seek medical attention as soon as possible. If you know the tips to prevent fractures in the elderly and remember the simple measures to take if a fracture occurs in your home, you can add another point to the health and safety of the elderly.