Portal hypertension is a group of syndromes caused by abnormal hemodynamics and persistent pressure increase in the portal venous system. When the portal blood cannot flow smoothly through the liver and back to the heart via the inferior vena cava, it causes an increase in pressure in the portal vein and a series of related clinical manifestations, such as splenomegaly, hypersplenism, esophagogastric fundic varices or even rupture and bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites etc. Portal hypertension is not an independent disease of a single organ, but a group of clinical syndromes involving multiple organs and systems. The mechanism is complex, the etiology and the development and evolution of the whole disease are not completely clear, and there are various treatment methods and many factors affecting its efficacy and prognosis. The quality of life of patients should be improved.