Brain herniation is a series of clinical syndromes that occur when brain tissue is pushed into some physiological gaps or orifices driven by pressure gradients, resulting in compression of important structures such as brain tissue, blood vessels and brain nerves. The common causes of brain herniation are: 1. various intracranial hematomas, such as epidural hematomas, subdural hematomas and intracerebral hematomas; 2. large cerebral infarction; 3. intracranial tumors; 4. intracranial abscesses, intracranial parasitic diseases and various granulomatous lesions; 5. medical factors: such as brain herniation caused by lumbar puncture in patients with increased intracranial pressure. For different types of brain herniation also have different clinical manifestations. The manifestations of cerebellar curtain incisional herniation mainly include symptoms of increased intracranial pressure, pupillary changes, motor disorders, altered consciousness, and disturbance of vital signs. The main manifestations of increased intracranial pressure are severe headache and frequent vomiting unrelated to food intake. The degree of headache may increase progressively with irritability. Disturbed vital signs may include slowed or irregular heart rate, high and low blood pressure, irregular breathing, profuse or closed sweating, and flushed or pale face. The body temperature may be as high as 41℃ or higher, or the body temperature may not rise. Eventually, respiratory and circulatory failure can lead to respiratory arrest, blood pressure drop, and cardiac arrest. Patients with foramen magnum herniation have earlier onset of vital signs disturbance and later onset of consciousness impairment. The patient may die of sudden respiratory arrest at an early stage. If the cause of brain herniation is clear, surgery should be performed as soon as possible to remove the cause, or if the cause is difficult to be diagnosed or removed, palliative surgery can be performed to reduce intracranial hypertension.