Rheumatism is an allergic disease involving connective tissue throughout the body. It invades the joints (especially the large joints, such as the knees and wrists) and the heart, and is accompanied by varying degrees of fever, skin rashes (circumscribed erythema of the extremities), and small subcutaneous nodules. Some patients also develop chorea with involuntary movements of the hands and feet. The disease often leaves behind varying degrees of heart valve lesions after an acute attack. Rheumatic heart disease (commonly known as rheumatic heart disease), also called chronic rheumatic valvular disease, is chronic heart valve damage left behind by rheumatic valvulitis. Rheumatic heart disease is most common in young and middle-aged people between the ages of 20 and 40, and is relatively uncommon in children under the age of 10 and older people over the age of 70, and is more common in women than in men. Clinically, mitral valve lesions are more common, accounting for about 70%~80%; followed by mitral valve combined with aortic valve lesions, accounting for about 20%~35%; while pure aortic valve lesions only account for 2%~5%; tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve lesions are mostly combined with other two valve lesions, rarely exist alone. Symptoms: Panic, shortness of breath, difficulty in breathing, swelling of the lower limbs, poor appetite, and low urine output after activity or exertion, and in severe cases, cardiac arrhythmia, hepatosplenomegaly, ascites, and even shock. Sudden asymptomatic death due to severe heart valve disease is not uncommon. Rheumatic heart valve disease is prone to cardiac arrhythmia, the most common are atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter, because blood can not flow into the left ventricle, it is easy to occur in the inner wall of the left atrium attached to the wall of the thrombus, once the thrombus is dislodged, embolism will occur. Cerebral artery embolism is the most common, cerebral embolism can be followed by hemiparesis on one side, crooked mouth and aphasia and other manifestations. Diagnosis: 1. Typical medical history 2. Physical examination may reveal heart murmur, heart enlargement, and arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation). 3, cardiac color ultrasound multispectral examination to clarify the heart valve lesions and its degree, at the same time, can understand the cardiac function, to provide a basis for treatment. Internal medicine treatment: The main treatment is cardiac insufficiency. Under the guidance of the doctor to take cardiotonic agents, as well as regular diuretics; in terms of diet, avoid eating too much salt, should control the daily amount of salt below 5 grams, as far as possible to eat light, easy to digest food. Pay attention to the supplementation of potassium salt, such as red dates, mushrooms, fruits and so on. Appropriate bed rest, but do not stay in bed for a long time, when the heart function has recovered, you should also carry out some physical exercise, such as tai chi, qigong and other activities, in order to improve the body’s resistance and heart function. Interventional therapy: transseptal puncture mitral balloon dilatation: this technique has been widely carried out in China, and it is the best indication for simple mitral stenosis with no calcification of the valve, good subvalvular structure, good valvular mobility, and no or mild mitral valve insufficiency. However, with the high rate of restenosis after this procedure and the strict selection of balloon dilatation, this method has been largely eliminated. Surgery: Surgery should be performed as early as possible in patients with significant symptoms and indications for surgery to avoid increasing the risk of surgery and affecting the surgical outcome. Surgery includes two basic methods: heart valve repair and heart valve replacement. Heart valve repair is the most ideal type of surgery. For most congenital valve clefts, leaflet junction adhesions, leaflet prolapse, ischemic mitral valve insufficiency, mitral valve prolapse, and some rheumatic valve insufficiency, repair surgery can often successfully rebuild the valve function, and achieve a satisfactory long-term outcome with lower medical costs. For the majority of rheumatic, infectious, and calcific valvular disease, where surgical repair is not feasible, heart valve replacement surgery is more often indicated.