Rubella virus is an infectious disease caused by rubella virus infection with skin rash and swollen lymph nodes behind the ear and occipital region as clinical manifestations. Adults and children are mildly infected, and RUV infection during pregnancy has less impact on pregnant women, but it is extremely harmful to the fetus, causing miscarriage, malformations, and neonatal congenital diseases, etc., and has been widely emphasized by scholars around the world. The exact mechanism by which RUV causes fetal pathogenicity and teratogenicity is not well understood. Currently, it is believed that RUV causes fetal disease through vertical transmission, i.e., the mother develops viremia, which causes fetal infection through the blood-placental barrier. Chromosomal breaks and aberrations occur in the diploid cells of chronically infected individuals, and RUV can affect all three germ layers, especially the ectoderm and mesoderm, which may be the pathogenesis of congenital disease in the infected fetus. The main pathologic changes are organ inflammation (encephalitis, hepatitis, and retinitis) and malformations (microcephaly, microphthalmos, ductus arteriosus, and ventricular septal defects). Clinical features: Rubella virus infection has a long incubation period, an average of 18 days, prodromal symptoms of fever, mild rhinitis and cervical and occipital lymph node enlargement and obvious pressure pain, 1-2 days after the rash, for the scattered light red maculopapular rash, the rash subsides in 3 days, similar to measles, before and after the rash nasopharyngeal secretions can be isolated to the RUV pathogens, the serum can be detected in the RUV antibody IgM. Treatment: There is no specific and definitive treatment for RUV infection in pregnancy so far, and prevention of maternal infection is the best treatment at present. PREVENTION: Serologic testing for rubella virus in pregnant women during the 4th month of gestation, especially in early pregnancy, is essential. Surveillance of rubella virus infection in pregnant women should begin in early pregnancy, and the indicators of surveillance should be IgM and IgG antibodies to rubella virus; pregnant women who are positive for IgM of rubella virus should be tested several times on a regular basis, and especially those whose IgM of rubella virus persists for more than 3 months without disappearing should be highly suspected of the possibility of intrauterine infection. Those who are determined to have intrauterine infection of rubella virus should be advised to terminate the pregnancy.