Rheumatism: From ancient Greece, rheumatism currently refers to unexplained chronic pain in joints and surrounding soft tissues, in other words, joint pain can be considered rheumatism. Rheumatic diseases: These are a large group of diseases with different causes, but have in common the involvement of joints and the surrounding soft tissues, including muscles, tendons, ligaments, bursae and fascia. Common rheumatic diseases include diffuse connective tissue disease, seronegative spondyloarthritis, crystal arthritis, osteoarthritis, and vasculitis. Common diffuse connective tissue diseases include systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, dry syndrome, polymyositis/dermatomyositis, and systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). Seronegative spondyloarthritis includes ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, etc. The most common type of crystal arthritis clinically is gout. Osteoarthritis, often referred to as “bone spurs”, “osteophytes”, and “degenerative osteoarthropathy”, is the most common type of arthritis in clinical practice, and older patients with osteoarthritis often also have osteoporosis. Osteoporosis often coexists in elderly patients with osteoarthritis. Vasculitis refers to arteritis, which is classified according to the size of the affected vascular vessels as large, medium, or small. It is often considered a “difficult disease” and is commonly seen in clinical practice as large arteritis, giant cell arteritis, polyarteritis nodosa, Wegener’s granulomatosis, and allergic vasculitis. Other rheumatologic conditions include nodular disease, autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis.