Lower abdominal distension is a common chronic condition in many middle-aged women, accounting for about 10% of patients seen in gynecology clinics. There are many causes of lower abdominal pain, including pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, ovarian cysts and other gynecological diseases, chronic appendicitis, diverticulitis and other intestinal inflammatory diseases, as well as some nerve and muscle diseases, which can cause chronic lower abdominal pain. Because of the complex etiology and the lack of highly specific auxiliary examination means, the diagnosis of the etiology of chronic lower abdominal pain is more difficult in clinical practice. In particular, there is a group of diseases that are still underappreciated and underrecognized by both physicians and patients: pelvic stasis syndrome (PCS). PCS, which has been proposed since 1948 but was only widely recognized in the 1980s, is defined as the presence of significant varicose veins in the pelvis, resulting in venous stasis and venous hypertension in the pelvic organs, which leads to chronic pelvic pain. Some scholars found that 91% of female patients with chronic pelvic pain had definite pelvic varicose veins.PCS is mainly seen in middle-aged women after childbirth and before menopause, usually with a history of one or more births. The clinical presentation is mainly lower abdominal pain, which is mostly dull and distending in nature similar to varicose veins in the lower extremities, usually unilateral, but can also be pain in the whole lower abdomen. Any factors that increase intra-abdominal pressure, such as prolonged standing, weight bearing, pregnancy, sexual intercourse, etc., can aggravate the pain symptoms. Pain episodes can usually last for several hours. In addition to pain, the patient may also have symptoms such as perineal swelling, back pain, and increased vaginal discharge, etc. PCS patients may also have varicose veins in the lower extremities, mainly in the thighs, vulva, and buttocks. Many patients come to the hospital mainly because of varicose veins in the lower extremities, and PCS is easily overlooked. The real cause of PCS is not very clear, but it is generally believed that the cause includes both organic and endocrine factors. The organic factors mainly refer to the abnormal dilatation of pelvic veins. In women, there are mainly ovarian, uterine and vaginal venous plexuses in the pelvis. The ovarian plexus converges into the left and right ovarian veins, the left ovarian vein converges into the left renal vein, and the right ovarian vein converges directly into the inferior vena cava; the uterine and vaginal plexuses flow back mainly through the internal iliac vein. In most PCS patients, the abnormally dilated veins are mainly the ovarian venous system, where the absence of venous valves in the left ovarian vein is as high as 13-15% and in the right side 6%. Even when venous valves are present, about 40% of patients have valve insufficiency, especially on the left side. In the human body, venous valves are an important structural basis for the unidirectional return of venous blood, and valve loss or insufficiency can cause venous blood stasis due to venous blood reflux, resulting in venous hypertension, which in turn causes venous dilation and tortuosity, resulting in a series of clinical symptoms. Therefore, the main pathological basis of PCS is the absence or insufficiency of venous valves, mainly in the ovarian veins, and the severity of its symptoms is closely related to the degree of pelvic vein dilatation. The main reason for the low diagnostic rate of PCS in clinical practice, besides the lack of public awareness, is due to the lack of effective screening tools with high specificity and sensitivity at the technical level. Commonly used non-invasive tests such as ultrasound, CT or MRI scans have limited diagnostic value, and the most effective test for evaluation is still the “gold standard” – angiography. Once the diagnosis is clear, the treatment of PCS is still relatively simple and effective. After the stages of medication and traditional surgical resection and ligation, in recent years, the treatment of PCS mainly adopts the endovascular intervention method, namely ovarian vein embolization, which blocks the diseased veins that have lost their normal function through embolic material to eliminate the abnormal venous blood reflux and relieve venous hypertension, thus achieving the purpose of treatment. Diagnosis and treatment can be accomplished simultaneously, i.e., by puncturing the femoral vein, performing an ovarian venogram, diagnosing PCS if significant reflux is found, and completing treatment by directly inserting an embolic device such as a spring steel coil. This method can be completed with local anesthesia only, and the patient can be discharged from bed or even from hospital within 2 hours after the operation, which has the characteristics of small trauma, fast recovery and precise efficacy, and the results of long-term follow-up are also more satisfactory, which is a more ideal method for the treatment of PCS.