After the diagnosis of hypertension, patients are often asked to do a series of tests, and draw blood, and spend money, many patients do not understand this, “high blood pressure, give me some antihypertensive drugs will not do?” . In fact, the diagnosis of hypertension is only the first step, to clarify the cause of the disease, grasp the condition, guide the treatment is more important. The purpose of these tests is the following three aspects: 1, to clarify the cause of the abnormal increase in blood pressure, to identify primary and secondary hypertension; 2, to clarify the severity of hypertension, to understand whether the heart, brain, kidneys and other important organs are damaged by hypertension, so as to timely control and delay its development; 3, to clarify the presence of other comorbidities such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, gout, etc., for hypertensive patients To provide a basis for reasonable individualized medication. To this end, patients generally need to undergo the following routine tests: 1. ECG, echocardiogram and X-ray chest radiograph: to determine the functional status of the heart in patients with hypertension and to determine whether there is cardiomegaly, myocardial strain or combined coronary artery disease. 2.Fundus examination: to understand the small arterial lesions, such as widespread or localized narrowing of small retinal arteries indicates moderate damage to small arteries; retinal hemorrhage or exudation, or occurrence of optic papillary edema indicates serious degree of vascular damage. In conclusion, hypertensive retinopathy can reflect the severity of hypertension and objectively reflect the degree of damage of peripheral small vascular lesions, and fundus examination is helpful for clinical diagnosis, treatment and estimation of prognosis. 3, routine urine examination: to understand whether there is early kidney damage, whether hypertension is caused by kidney disease, and whether it is accompanied by diabetes mellitus and so on. If there is a large amount of urine protein, red blood cells, white blood cells, and tubular type in the urine, secondary hypertension caused by chronic nephritis or pyelonephritis should be considered; if there is only a small amount of urine protein and a small amount of red blood cells, it suggests that the kidney damage may be caused by primary hypertension; if urine sugar is found, further investigation of blood sugar is needed to determine whether diabetes is present. To avoid errors, urine specimens should be retained in a clean container, and the first urine (intermediate urine) should be taken early in the morning and sent for timely examination; female patients should avoid menstruation and retain intermediate urine for urine examination. If the urine protein test is negative, urine microalbumin and β2 microglobulin can also be measured, which is more sensitive and can detect hypertensive kidney damage early, as well as early prevention and treatment. 4, blood biochemical examination: including urea nitrogen, creatinine, electrolytes, blood lipids, blood sugar, blood uric acid, blood viscosity, etc., to help clarify whether hypertension is caused by kidney disease, determine the extent of hypertension on the kidney, the presence of certain risk factors and comorbidities, such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, hyperuricemia, etc. 5, other tests: 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure measurement can record the blood pressure of the normal state of life around the clock, to understand the circadian blood pressure rhythm, in order to reasonably guide the time and dose of medication, the general patients need to do this test (its significance is detailed in the “why also measured 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure” chapter). In addition, in order to exclude secondary hypertension, some special tests are often required, such as plasma renin, aldosterone, blood and urine catecholamines and their metabolites, blood and urine cortisol and urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids, adrenal ultrasound, CT, MRI, vascular Doppler ultrasound carotid, renal and cerebral arteries, angiography, etc. These tests are highly specialized and should be performed under the guidance of a specialist.