Breast pain (mastalgia, breast pain) is a concept currently recognized abroad in the field of breast disease specialization, and refers to a situation in which there is a complaint of breast pain and discomfort but no clear abnormality is found after examination, and it can be both a symptom and a diagnosis. Breast pain may originate from a physiological disorder that may be related to stress, smoking, excessive intake of saturated fatty acids, changes in hormone levels, and other factors, but its exact etiology is not known. Breast pain disorder is widespread in the population, with more than 2/3 of women having experienced breast pain discomfort. The diagnosis of breast pain disorder is made after a series of reasonable examinations to exclude benign breast lesions and breast cancer (where the diagnosis of benign breast lesions includes three scenarios: nonproliferative lesions, proliferative lesions without atypia, and atypical hyperplasia. In our medical practice, breast hyperplasia usually consists of the following scenarios: one is to visit a doctor for breast pain and discomfort, with diffuse thickening and uneven texture of the breast gland on palpation (or not), without obvious palpable masses or nodules, or with nodular sensation but without cysts or nodules on imaging, and after the above tests, definite benign breast lesions and breast cancer are excluded. This scenario is very similar to the concept of breast pain disorder. In the second case, the patient comes to the clinic with a self-perceived breast mass, which may or may not be accompanied by breast pain, diffuse or heterogeneous thickening of the breast gland on palpation, sometimes with a palpable lump or nodular sensation, suspicious cysts or nodules on imaging, or only disorganized glandular structure on imaging, and if pathological examination is available, the results are mostly cysts, sweat gland hyperplasia, mild glandular hyperplasia, adenopathy, sclerosing adenopathy, ductal hyperplasia, hyperplastic nodule formation, and so on, to name a few. The main difference between the above two conditions is pathology, with no clear pathological abnormalities attributable to the former, while the latter encompasses many different scenarios in benign breast lesions.