Oral mucosa is the mucous membrane that covers the surface of the oral cavity. Oral mucosal disease is a general term for a variety of different types and types of diseases that occur on the oral mucosa and soft tissues. Common ones such as recurrent mouth ulcers, traumatic ulcers, Candida stomatitis, oral lichen planus, oral leukoplakia and chronic, allergic stomatitis. Although the causes of oral mucosal diseases are complex, many oral mucosal diseases can be prevented by maintaining physical and mental health, improving the immune function of the body, and developing good habits.
A. Prevention of oral ulcers
Mouth ulcers commonly known as “rotten mouth” is the most common oral mucosa damage. In the clinic, there are common traumatic ulcers and recurrent oral ulcers.
1, traumatic ulcers is due to long-term chronic mechanical irritation or pressure and produced by the oral soft tissue damage. It is characterized by chronic, deep and large ulcers. The main etiology is persistent mechanical stimulation in the mouth, such as stump crowns, stump roots, bad restorations, sharp tooth edges, etc.
Treatment is simple, such as extraction of stump roots, stump crowns, grinding of over-steepened cusps, and removal of bad restorations. Local anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving medications such as ulcer ointment, ulcer dispersion, ulcer film, etc. are used. However, if the cause of the disease is not removed, it may become oral cancer.
2.Traumatic mucosal blood blisters are common in elderly people, which are caused by eating rapidly and chewing large pieces of dry, hard and brittle food.
3.Self-injurious ulcers are common in children, who have bad habits such as cheek biting, tongue biting and lip biting.
Treatment should first overcome the bad habits of self-injury, children need the cooperation of their parents. Children who have difficulty in self-control can place gauze and other things on the affected area to prevent self-injury. The affected area is coated with ulcer cream, ulcer powder, etc.
4, recurrent oral ulcers recurrent oral ulcers in medicine is called recurrent oral ulcers, it is the most common ulcerative damage in the oral mucosa. The prevalence of the population is about 10% to 30%. It is characterized by periodic recurrent episodes with varying intervals.
The cause of recurrent oral ulcers is not fully understood. There are many common clinical triggers, such as indigestion, constipation, intestinal parasites, sleep deprivation, stress, menstrual cycle and menopause. The disease has also been found to be associated with genetic factors, immune dysfunction, bacterial infections, certain systemic diseases, micronutrient deficiencies, and local trauma.
There is no curative treatment available. The principles of treatment for this disease are: to find the causative factors, to remove the possible causative factors, to prolong the interval cycle as much as possible, to enhance physical fitness, to reduce local symptoms, and to promote ulcer healing.
It is found that many patients with recurrent ulcers suffer from gastric ulcer, duodenal ulcer, colitis, active hepatitis, changes in the content of certain trace elements and some autoimmune diseases. However, in some cases, the cause of the disease is not identified, so different treatment designs and measures should be used to eliminate the cause of the disease for each case.
Recurrent oral ulcers do not become malignant. However, periglandular ulcers are deep and have a long duration, and sometimes need to be differentiated from cancerous ulcers. Cancerous ulcers are characterized by a proliferative ulcer with a cauliflower-like outgrowth and a hard infiltrate in and around the base.
In addition, if the patient has genital-anal ulcers, erythema nodosum, folliculitis and eye lesions in addition to oral ulcers, it may be a Leukocerebrosida syndrome. Generally speaking, the oral treatment alone is not satisfactory, hormones can control some symptoms, such as the emergence of other family symptoms, should be allowed to the appropriate department treatment.
Second, quit smoking and limit alcohol to prevent oral cancer
Oral cancer is a common tumor in the world. Especially in developing countries, such as India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Philippines, Brazil, etc., 25% of cancers are oral cancer. In recent decades, the incidence and mortality rates of oral cancer have also been increasing in the United States, Japan, Germany, and Scotland, especially for young men. In the United States in 2002, approximately 28,900 new cases and 7,400 deaths were expected to occur.
Strong epidemiological data suggest that more than 75% of oral cancers in the United States, France, and Italy are associated with exogenous factors such as smoking and alcohol consumption. The increased incidence of oral cancer in young people, especially tongue cancer, has also been reported to be associated with smokeless tobacco. Tobacco is thought to cause oncogenic DNA damage as well as oxidative DAN damage. Alcohol can contribute to the penetration of carcinogens into the oral mucosa and increase the enzymatic activity of procarcinogens, thus contributing to cancer development in humans and experimental animals.
The risk of oral cancer in smokers is 2-5 times higher than in non-smokers, depending on the number of cigarettes smoked and the length of time smoked. Smokers who quit for 1-9 years have a 30% lower risk of developing mouth cancer; those who quit for more than 9 years have a 50% lower risk. There is also evidence that chewing tobacco, viruses, fungi and physical irritation also have an oral cancer-causing effect.
Oral leukoplakia is a common precancerous lesion of the oral cavity. White spots mainly appear in the oral cavity as white patches slightly above the mucosal surface, usually without conscious symptoms, but some patients have discomfort and feel coarse and astringent when licking the damaged surface. The true cause of leukoplakia is not yet well understood, but from a large number of reports, it seems that the disease is closely related to smoking, local irritation, and Candida infection.
A small number of leukoplakia may develop into oral cancer. According to the epidemic characteristics of leukoplakia, targeted and effective preventive measures should be taken. For middle-aged people and above, implement the system of regular oral health examination and pay attention to the follow-up observation. The main and most effective social measure to prevent oral leukoplakia is to quit smoking.
Third, do not take antibiotics indiscriminately to prevent Candida stomatitis
The actual antibiotics can be used to treat a variety of infectious diseases, some people will be antibiotics as a panacea, no matter what disease, are treated with antibiotics. It is important to know that misuse of antibiotics can cause many adverse consequences to the oral mucosa.
Antibiotics can cure the disease, but also produce side effects, no antibiotic is absolutely safe and no side effects. The actual fact is that you will be able to get a lot more than just a few of the most effective and most effective antibiotics.
1, antibiotic stomatitis
In the oral mucosa often occurs Candida albicans infection, that is, acute erythematous Candida stomatitis, also known as antibiotic stomatitis, often manifested as mucosal congestion and erosion and dorsal papillae of the tongue is mass atrophy, thickening of the surrounding tongue moss, patients may have abnormal taste or loss of taste, and oral dryness and burning pain in the mucosa.
2, thrush
Also known as acute pseudomembranous candidiasis, which occurs in newborns, small infants, especially patients who use antibiotics or hormones for a long time. Therefore, the child has thrush, must go to the hospital. Use medication under the guidance of your doctor. Stop using antibiotics. Clean and disinfect pediatric feeding utensils. Take care to prevent cross-infection caused by feeding staff. Use 2% to 4% sodium bicarbonate solution to scrub the mouth 3 to 4 times a day. Available 100,000 units of mycobacterium glycerine solution to rub.
3, denture stomatitis
Denture stomatitis is also known as chronic erythematous Candida stomatitis, because it occurs in patients wearing a denture so named. It is caused by Candida albicans infection, the damage is often in the maxillary denture palatal lateral contact with the palate, gingival mucosa, the mucosa is bright red edema, or yellow-white stripes or spots of pseudomembrane. The fungal stomatitis caused by the mandibular denture is rarely seen, which may be due to the negative pressure of the upper jaw denture, the antibodies in the saliva and other defense components from this part of the drain, and the basal surface and mucosal contact that is wide and close, a large number of pathogenic fungi can be retained.
Four, overcome the bad problem of lip licking to prevent chronic lip infection
Chronic labyrinthitis is a chronic, non-specific, inflammatory lesion of the lips. The onset of chronic labyrinthitis is mostly related to various chronic long-term persistent stimuli, such as dryness, cold, especially with lip licking and lip biting and other bad habits. Chronic labyrinthitis can develop on both upper and lower lips, better on the lower lip. Often recurrent, sometimes light and sometimes heavy, especially in the winter windy and dry season. It is characterized by dryness, flaking and cracking of the red part of the lips. Severe manifestations are lip swelling, erosion, inflammatory exudate, the formation of blood or pus crust, pain is obvious.
1, avoid all external stimuli, correct bad habits.
2.When scabbing, use 0.1% Ravnol wet compress, on the ulcer ointment.
3, very slight flaking, and no conscious symptoms, you can apply a small amount of lip balm.