Perianal abscess is a relatively common infectious disease in surgery. If the perianal abscess is mild or the early symptoms are not serious, it can be completely cured by conservative treatment without surgery and incision. By using topical anti-inflammatory ointments, such as Ma Yinglong hemorrhoid suppositories, erythromycin ointment, and Bactrim ointment, the inflammation can be localized and limited, eventually achieving a complete cure. However, perianal abscess may be aggravated in some cases without open treatment, such as the formation of a relatively large or complex perianal abscess complicated by an anal fistula with symptoms of generalized fever as well as gastrointestinal and digestive tract symptoms. This kind of perianal abscess is not suitable for conservative treatment and requires incision and drainage treatment, which is more conducive to the postoperative recovery of perianal abscess and ultimately to complete cure. Therefore, whether a perianal abscess should be treated surgically or conservatively requires a detailed examination at a regular hospital and an analysis of the specific problem before it can be diagnosed which treatment option to take.