There are some typical clinical manifestations of fractures in children, such as severe pain, limited movement of the child’s affected limb, and extremely pronounced pressure pain in the affected area; swelling of the affected area and discoloration of the skin. In joint dislocation and severe fractures, limb deformation occurs. For open fractures, when the broken bone pierces the skin and the wound is bleeding profusely, immediately stop the bleeding by compressing the wound with a clean cloth and fix the affected area with sterile gauze. Be careful not to try to straighten the deformed or bent limb or to insert the broken bone protruding from the wound back into the wound to avoid infection. For closed fractures where the broken bone is not protruding from the skin, the limb can be immobilized on both sides of the damaged area to prevent further injury and then rushed to the hospital and sent to an orthopedic clinic after radiological examination. Children’s bones are not a microcosm of adults and have unique characteristics that affect the treatment of traumatic injuries in children. These characteristics include a high elasticity to stress, a hypertrophic periosteum, a high plasticizing potential, a short healing time, and the presence of epiphyses. Because children are in different stages of growth and development, their body systems, organs and tissue structures are maturing and becoming more functional, and there is always dynamic development and change. Therefore, their injuries have different characteristics compared with adult skeletal injuries. Whether in the mechanism of injury, causes, injury site, long-term biological response, as well as the principles of diagnosis and treatment, complications, management principles and prognosis, there are significant differences. Therefore, children cannot simply be regarded as reduced adults, nor can we treat bone and joint injuries in children in exactly the same way as we treat adults.