Chinese herbal medicine is the general name of traditional medicine in China. Since the source of Chinese herbal medicine is mostly plant-based herbs, it is commonly used, and in ancient times, Chinese herbal medicine was also called “materia medica”. In recent years, people advocate “natural medicine”, pay attention to the way of health and health care, and minimize the many toxic side effects brought by drugs to the human body, so traditional Chinese medicine is very popular, and has set off a global “Chinese medicine fever”, Chinese medicine, as an important part of traditional medicine, will also become a “natural therapy”. Chinese medicine, as an important part of traditional medicine, will also become a unique folk medicine wonder in the “‘natural treatment”. The medicinal properties of Chinese medicine include the four gases and five tastes. The original meaning of the five tastes refers to the true taste of drugs and food. The taste of medicine and food can be detected through oral taste. The five tastes of medicine refers to the five different tastes of medicine: sour, bitter, sweet, pungent and salty, which have different therapeutic effects. Some drugs also have a light or astringent taste. The five flavors are associated with the five elements and the five organs. Su Wen q Xuan Ming Wu Qi Chapter says: “Sour enters the liver, bitter enters the heart, sweet enters the spleen, pungent enters the lung, and salty enters the kidney.” Combined with clinical practice, the role of the five flavors and the main treatment of the disease is divided as follows: acid, “can collect can astringent”, that is, with astringent, solid astringent effect. 1, astringent – solid surface to stop sweating, body deficiency sweating syndrome. Such as Wu Wei Zi. Astringent lung to stop cough, lung deficiency cough. Such as wu plum 2, solid astringent – astringent intestines to stop diarrhea, long-relief intestinal slippery. Such as five times the seeds. Fixing sperm and shrinking urine. Spermatorrhea, spermatorrhea, urinary frequency. Such as cornelian solid collapse to stop the belt, the collapse of the belt more than. However, the adverse effects: most of the astringent evil, where the evidence of evil Qi is not exhausted when used with caution. Bitter, “can drain, can dry, can firm”, that is, has the effect of clearing fire and heat, drainage of Qi rebellion, pass the stool, dry dampness and firm Yin (diarrhea fire to store Yin) and so on. 1.Clearing fire and heat – treating heat, fire, such as scutellaria, gardenia to clear heat and fire. 2, drainage of Qi rebellion – asthma, cough, vomiting, such as almonds, scape seeds to lower the gas and calm asthma, half asia, Chen Pi to lower the rebellion and stop vomiting. 3, ventilate the bowels – constipation, such as rhubarb, Citrus aurantium diarrhea heat and relax the bowels. 4, dry dampness – dampness, such as Cang Zhu, Hou Pu bitter warm and dry dampness. 5.Keeping Yin (diarrhea of fire to store Yin) – deficiency of Yin and fire, such as Zhi Mu, Huang Bai diarrhea of fire to store Yin. However, the adverse effects: most of the injury to the stomach, Jin injury and spleen and stomach weakness should not be used in large quantities. Gan, “can tonic and can harmonize and can slow down”, that is, has the function of tonifying, harmonizing, harmonizing medicinal properties and slowing down the pain. 1. Tonic – Weakness of the righteousness. For example, ginseng is a great tonic for vital energy, and rehmannia nourishes essence and blood. 2. Harmonizing and relieving pain – it is used for painful contractures in the abdomen and abdomen and limbs, such as syrup to relieve pain. 3. Harmonizing medicinal properties – harmonizing medicinal properties and relieving poisoning. Such as licorice to reconcile the nature of the medicine and solve the poisoning of medicine and food. However, the adverse effects: most of the cloying stagnation hinder the stomach, people lose appetite, where dampness, food stagnation, gas stagnation and abdominal distension should be used with caution. Pungent, “can disperse and move”, that is, has the effect of dispersing, moving Qi and blood. 1, dispersing – treatment of superficial evidence, such as ephedra, perilla can dispel wind and cold, sweating and relieving the surface. Peppermint can disperse wind-heat, clear the head and eyes. 2, move the qi – treatment of qi stagnation, such as Chen Pi, Mu Xiang has the effect of moving the qi to remove distension, strengthen the spleen and regulate the middle. 3, promoting blood circulation – treating blood stasis, such as Chuanxiong and Yujin can invigorate blood circulation and resolve blood stasis, used for painful evidence of qi stagnation and blood stasis. However, adverse effects: most of them consume energy and hurt yin, so it is used with caution by those with deficiency of qi and yin. Salty, “can lower, can soften”, that is, with laxative and laxative effect, soften the hardness and disperse the knots. 1, laxative or laxative laxative – stool dry knots. 2. Softening and dispersing hard accumulation and lumps – treating scrofula, phlegm, gall tumor, mass in the abdomen, etc. Such as seaweed and oyster to eliminate scrofula and disperse galls. However, adverse effects: should not eat more, especially for hypertension, arteriosclerosis. Some salty medicines such as mannitol can injure the spleen and stomach, so it is used with caution by people with spleen deficiency and loose diarrhea. Light, “can seep, can benefit”, that is, has the effect of seeping dampness and water. Dampness permeates and facilitates urination – treats edema, foot fungus, and evidence of unfavorable urination. Such as coix seeds Tongcao, lantern grass, poria, poria, zedoary, etc.. However, adverse effects: most of them can hurt the fluids, where Yin deficiency and fluids deficiency is used with caution. Astringent, similar to the action of sour medicine, so the herbal literature often represent the astringent effect with sour taste, or juxtaposed with sour taste, marked medicinal properties. Astringent and solid astringent – mostly used to treat deficiency sweat, diarrhea, frequent urination, seminal emission, slippery semen, bleeding and other evidence (symptoms). Such as lotus seeds to fix sperm and stop belt, Yu Yu Rong astringent intestines to stop diarrhea, Wu Qu bone astringent to stop bleeding, etc.. Adverse effects:Most of them can astringent evil, so use with caution if the evil is not yet exhausted. The above is the basic content of the five flavors of medicinal properties. But for a specific drug, when the specific analysis. Most drugs have several flavors, and the identification of the efficacy of these drugs must be fully integrated and combined with clinical efficacy to understand the general. In addition, the above-mentioned five flavors, only one aspect of drug properties, for a comprehensive understanding of drug performance, must be combined with other characteristics, in order to fully grasp the function of drugs. The four qi, that is, the drug has four different medicinal properties of cold, heat, warmth and coolness. It is an important pharmacological theory that explains the nature of drug action by regulating the changes of cold and heat in the body to correct the body’s yin and yang strengths and weaknesses. The cold, hot, warm and cool properties of medicine are summarized by the different reactions and the different curative effects obtained from the action of drugs on the human body, which are relative to the nature of the diseases treated. 1, cold and cool medicines have the functions of clearing heat and fire, cooling blood and detoxifying poison, nourishing yin and removing steam, diarrhea and laxative, clearing heat and water, clearing hot phlegm, clearing the heart and opening the orifices, cooling the liver and calming the wind, etc. Cold and cool medicines are mainly used for a series of Yang-heat evidence such as real heat and thirst, warm poisonous spots, blood-heat and epistaxis, fire poisonous sores, hot knotted constipation, hot gonorrhea and astringent pain, jaundice and edema, phlegm and heat, wheezing and coughing, high fever and dizziness, heat and extreme wind. If the patient shows high fever and thirst, red face and eyes, sore throat, and a flooded pulse, this belongs to Yang-heat evidence, and after treatment with gypsum, Zhi Mu, Gardenia, etc., the above symptoms can be relieved or eliminated, which means their medicinal properties are cold. 2. Warm-heat medicines have the functions of warming the lining and dispersing cold, warming the liver and dispersing knots, tonifying fire and helping yang, warming yang and promoting water circulation, warming the meridians, inducing fire to return to its source, and returning yang to save the rebellion. Warm-heat medicines are mostly used to treat a series of yin-cold symptoms such as cold abdominal pain, cold hernia pain, impotence, uterine coldness and infertility, yin-cold edema, wind-cold paralysis, blood-cold menstrual blockage, deficiency yang upward, dead yang deficiency, etc.; if a patient presents with cold extremities, pale face, cold pain in the abdomen and stomach, and weak pulse, this is a yin-cold symptom, and the above symptoms are relieved or eliminated after treatment with drugs such as Radix Aconiti, Cinnamon, and Dry Ginger, which means their medicinal properties are warm. . In short, the cold medicine is used to treat Yang Sheng heat evidence, warm medicine is used to treat Yin Sheng cold evidence, this is the clinical must follow the principle of medication. On the contrary, if the yin-cold evidence with cold medicine, yang-heat evidence with warm medicine is bound to lead to further deterioration of the condition, or even cause death. Therefore, Li Zhongzi’s “medical must read” said: “cold, hot, warm and cool, a dagger of the fallacy, the water is difficult to collect.” Tonic medicine Tonic medicine is also called deficiency medicine and tonic medicine. It is a class of traditional Chinese medicine that mainly serves to supplement the material deficiency of human body, enhance the activity function of human body, improve the ability to resist diseases and eliminate the symptoms of weakness. Classification and indications: According to the different medicinal properties and the main symptoms, tonics are generally divided into four categories: qi tonics, blood tonics, yin tonics and yang tonics. ① Qi tonic – treating Qi deficiency (mainly seen in Lung Qi deficiency and Spleen Qi deficiency). If the lung is deficient in qi, the lazy speech, shortness of breath when moving, and easy to sweat. Spleen qi deficiency is fatigue, loss of appetite, abdominal distension, loose stools, and even swelling and prolapse. All the above symptoms can be treated with qi tonics. Commonly used medicines include ginseng, ginseng, American ginseng, princely ginseng, astragalus, atractylodes, yam, lentil, licorice, etc. Differentiation of the four types of ginseng: Ginseng is stronger than Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, which is used in acute and serious cases, while Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng is used in mild and chronic diseases. For those who are injured by both qi and yin and have a strong fire, use American ginseng to benefit qi and clear fire and nourish yin. But prince’s ginseng is not as powerful as western ginseng in benefiting qi and nourishing yin and clearing fire. ② Blood tonic – treating blood deficiency (mainly seen in heart blood deficiency and liver blood deficiency). Heart Blood deficiency is commonly associated with pale complexion, pale lips and tongue, palpitations and palpitations, insomnia and dreaminess, memory loss or knotting and substitution of pulse. Deficiency of Liver Blood is common with yellowish face, pale nails, dizziness and tinnitus, dizziness and blurred vision, late menstruation with low volume and pale color, or even menstrual closure. All the above symptoms can be treated with blood tonics. Commonly used medicines include Angelica Sinensis, Radix Rehmanniae, Radix Polygoni, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Colla Corii Asini, Longan Pulp, etc. ③ Yin tonics – treating Yin deficiency (mainly seen in Lung Yin deficiency, Stomach Yin deficiency, Liver Yin deficiency, Kidney Yin deficiency). Lung Yin deficiency is mostly seen in dry cough with little phlegm, or phlegm with blood, dry mouth and dry tongue, sore throat and mute voice. Stomach yin deficiency is often seen in the form of red tongue with flaking coating, dry throat and thirst, dullness and lack of hunger, noisy stomach, vomiting, or dry stools, etc. Liver yin deficiency is often seen in dryness of the eyes, blurred vision, numbness of the limbs, dizziness, etc. Kidney yin deficiency is commonly seen as soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, spermatorrhea, night sweating, heat in the hands and feet, and insomnia. The above symptoms can be treated with yin tonics. Commonly used medicines include ginseng, maidenhair, asparagus, dendrobium, yucca, yellow essence, lily of the valley, wolfberry, mulberry, mulberry, mulberry, chasteberry, turtle nail, turtle nail, etc. ④ Yang tonics – used to treat Yang deficiency (mostly seen in heart Yang deficiency, spleen Yang deficiency, kidney Yang deficiency). Kidney yang is the root of the body’s yang energy, so yang deficiency is often related to kidney yang deficiency. Kidney Yang deficiency can be seen in cold limbs, sore waist and knees, impotence and premature ejaculation, cold and infertility in the uterus, leucorrhea, frequent urination, and long and clear urine. All of the above symptoms can be treated with drugs for kidney yang. Commonly used drugs include deer antler, deer antler gum, bacopa monniera, cistanches, cynomorium, eucommia, sequestra, bonesetter, bonesetter, cordyceps, zihejiang, cuscuta, salvia, locking yang, etc. Precautions for medication: tonic medicine should not be used for actual evidence, otherwise it may aggravate the condition by “closing the door and keeping the enemy”. Tonic medicine is not beneficial, more is better, improper use can also produce adverse consequences. The blood tonic is sticky and difficult to eliminate, and the yin tonic is sweet and cold and nourishing, so it should not be used for people with weak spleen and stomach, dampness, and abdominal distension and loose stools. Yang tonics are warm and dry, which can harm Yin and help fire, and should not be used by those with Yin deficiency and fire. Decoction method The efficacy of Chinese medicine is closely related to the choice of dosage form and the operation of the preparation process. Since tonics are the most commonly used dosage form for clinical application and are mostly homemade by patients, mastering the correct decoction method is also an important condition to ensure the efficacy of clinical medicine. Especially, the mastery of water and fire is the key to decoction. Therefore, Li Shizhen said: “All the medicine, although the product specialization, repair and treatment as the law, but the decoction of the reckless substandard, poor water and fire, the medicine is also no work.” Decoction of water The amount of water used is generally appropriate for the decoction of the tablets after appropriate pressure, the liquid surface submerged over the tablets about 2 cm is appropriate. If the texture is hard, sticky, or requires a long decoction, the amount of water can be slightly more than the general drug; while the texture is lax, or the active ingredients are easy to volatilize, and the decoction time is short, the amount of water can be slightly less than the general drug. Most of the drugs should be soaked in cold water before decoction, usually 20-30 minutes, and 1 hour for seeds and fruits. Decoction fire Decoction of Chinese medicine should also pay attention to the fire and the length of decoction time. Generally speaking, it is advisable to start with martial arts fire and then use the civil fire, i.e., a large fire before boiling and a small fire after boiling to maintain a slight boiling state, so as not to overflow the juice or boil it dry too quickly. The decoction and other aromatic drugs are generally boiled quickly with a wu huo fire and then maintained with a wen huo fire for about 10 to 15 minutes. Minerals, bones and horns, shells, crustaceans and tonic drugs, which are not easy to be decocted, should be decocted for a long time with civil fire so that the active ingredients can be fully dissolved. Decoction method of special drugs 1, first decoction: such as gold, stone, minerals, shell drugs, because the active ingredients are not easy to decoction, should be broken first decoction 20 to 30 minutes, and then with other drugs decoction; also such as Chuan Wu, sophora and other drugs, also should be first decoction. The decoction of Chuan Wu and Radix et Rhizoma should also be decocted for half an hour before it is decocted with other drugs, because it can reduce its toxic potency after a long decoction to ensure the safety of the drug. 2, after the next: some easily volatile or destroyed and not resistant to decoction, such as mint, cardamom, rhubarb, senna and other drugs, into the drug should be after the next, to be other drugs decoction will be into, decoction can be boiled for a few minutes. Rhubarb, senna and other drugs can even be served directly with boiling water. 3, package decoction: some drugs are easy to float on the surface of the liquid when decocted, or into a paste, not easy to decoct and take. For example, Pu Huang, Hai Jin Sha, etc., because the texture of the herb is too light, Che Qian Zi, Scape Drabble and other fine herbs, and contains starch, mucus more drugs, decoction is easy to sticky pot, paste, coking; Xin Yi, spinosa and other herbs have hair, irritation to the throat, these types of drugs into the decoction should be wrapped in gauze. 4, another decoction: some valuable drugs, such as ginseng, etc. should be decocted separately, so as to avoid the decoction of the active ingredients adsorbed by other dregs, affecting the efficacy, resulting in waste. 5.Melting: Gum medicines, such as gum, turtle gum, deer gum, etc., are easy to adhere to other dregs and the bottom of the pot, which is not only wasteful but also easy to boil and scorch, so it is appropriate to melt them separately and then blend them with other medicines. 6, punching: some powder, or liquid drugs, such as mannitol, bamboo leech, etc., should be decocted with other liquid or with boiling water.