The main manifestation of the disease is low back and leg pain caused by the protrusion of the nucleus pulposus on the nerve root after the rupture of the fibrous ring.
I. Overview
Lumbar disc herniation, also known as nucleus pulposus herniation (or prolapse), or lumbar disc fibrous ring rupture, is a relatively common type of lumbar pain in clinical practice. The disease is mainly due to the various parts of the lumbar disc (nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and cartilage), especially the nucleus pulposus.
Second, lumbar disc herniation classification
Disc bulge: The disc fibrous annulus annulus is uniformly beyond the intervertebral space and the disc tissue is not in a restricted protrusion.
Disc herniation: limited displacement of disc tissue beyond the intervertebral space. The displaced disc tissue is still attached to the original disc tissue and its basal contiguous portion is larger in diameter than the displaced disc portion beyond the intervertebral space.
Disc prolapse: The displaced disc tissue is larger in diameter than the basal contiguous portion and is displaced beyond the intervertebral space. The prolapsed disc tissue mass is larger than the ruptured disc space and lies within the spinal canal through this fissure.
Third, the causative factors of lumbar disc herniation
(1) Trauma.
(2) Excessive weight-bearing.
(3) prolonged vibration.
(4) The effect of poor posture.
(5) deformities of the spine.
(6) exposure to cold.
(7) smoking.
Fourth, the symptoms of lumbar disc herniation
(1) lumbar pain.
(2) leg pain, sciatica.
(3) pain in the groin area.
(4) Intermittent claudication.
(5) Muscle paralysis or muscle weakness.
(6) Numbness in the lower limbs or perineal region.
V. Diagnosis of lumbar intervertebral disc herniation
Detailed history and examination room are the main means to diagnose lumbar disc herniation. The main diagnostic bases of lumbar disc herniation are.
1. lumbar pain with radiating pain in the lower limbs.
2. the presence of significant pressure pain in the low back.
3. the presence of sensory impairment, decreased muscle strength and diminished or absent tendon reflexes in the patient’s lower extremities
4.positive straight leg raise test.
5. Imaging examination confirms lumbar disc herniation.
VI. Treatment of lumbar disc herniation
The treatment of disc herniation includes non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment. Non-surgical treatment mainly includes bed rest, traction, massage, epidural injection and nucleus pulposus lysis, etc. Non-surgical treatment is mainly applicable to most patients with early onset or light disc herniation. The indications for surgical treatment for patients with severe disc herniation or patients for whom non-surgical treatment is ineffective include
Clear diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation, ineffective after 3 months of non-surgical treatment, severe recurrent symptoms of sudden lumbar disc herniation with severe radicular pain without hair relief and continuous aggravation, lumbar disc herniation combined with neurological impairment or cauda equina nerve dysfunction, lumbar disc herniation combined with spinal canal including lateral saphenous fossa stenosis, and patients for whom non-surgical treatment is ineffective.