1. How is congenital heart disease detected? How can parents consider that their child may have congenital heart disease when the child is not brought to the doctor? This is a matter of great concern to parents. Cyanosis of the child’s mouth, lips, fingernails or after crying is the easiest symptom to detect that is very closely related to heart disease. When cyanosis occurs after birth, it is often a complex congenital heart condition such as tricuspid atresia, pulmonary atresia, transposition of the great arteries or severe trisomy of Fallot. If cyanosis appears a few months later, it is most likely to be tetralogy of Fallot. If cyanosis develops gradually in the first few years of life, in the late teens, or in adulthood, it may be a left-to-right shunt type of congenital heart disease, such as ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus with pulmonary hypertension (or Eisenmenger syndrome). However, non-cyanotic congenital heart disease is often not easily recognized by parents in the early stages. If the child has poor growth and development within 1 year, is thin, often has pneumonia, shortness of breath after feeding, blue around the mouth, and blossoming skin, the possibility of congenital heart disease should be noted, and a doctor should be consulted in time. 2.What is congenital heart disease? The abnormal development of heart blood vessels during fetal period is called congenital heart disease, such as the defect in the septum between the right and left atria is called atrial septal defect, and the defect in the septum between the right and left ventricles is called ventricular septal defect. Failure of the congenital passage between the aorta and the pulmonary artery to close after birth is called ductus arteriosus. All valves may have stenosis or atresia, such as pulmonary valve stenosis and aortic valve stenosis. Multiple malformations may also coexist, such as tetralogy of Fallot. Congenital heart disease occurs in approximately 0.7% of the normal population. Congenital heart disease is not an inherited disease, but some families have multiple children with different types of congenital heart disease, or multiple cousins with the disease. Generally speaking, if one first-degree relative has congenital heart disease, the chance of the others having the disease increases by a factor of three, for two members the chance increases to 9%, and if three members have the disease, the chance of the others having congenital heart disease increases to 50%. The death rate of congenital heart disease (within 1 year of age) in China is 33.8%, which shows that the death rate of untreated congenital heart disease is quite high, and there are few surviving infants who live to be over 40 years old although their heart disease is not very serious. 3.Conventional heart disease traditional treatment method? Surgical open-heart surgery is the traditional treatment for congenital heart disease. The operation requires opening the chest cavity and even cutting open the heart, which is very traumatic to the body and requires a long recovery period after the operation. It leaves a large permanent scar at the surgical site and may have an impact on the child’s psychological growth. In addition, the following special complications may occur: 1) refractory ventricular arrhythmias due to postoperative wall scars; 2) aortic valve insufficiency; 3) cardiopulmonary insufficiency; 4) damage to the atrioventricular conduction system during surgery, resulting in various types of atrioventricular block. The so-called cardiac catheterization technology for congenital heart disease refers to the method of puncturing the peripheral blood vessels (such as femoral artery, femoral vein, etc.) under local anesthesia and sending some specially designed therapeutic devices through a catheter as thick as a ball-point pencil to the specific part of the heart along the blood vessels. This method is used to correct congenital heart disease and improve the quality of life of the child by blocking, embolizing, dilating, opening and other measures. This method is less invasive, faster recovery, more effective, no scars, almost painless, and can be discharged from the hospital in 6 to 12 hours after surgery and resume general physical activities on the third day after surgery, which is very popular among patients. It is mainly applied to the radical treatment of congenital heart disease such as atrial septal defect, arteriovenous ductus arteriosus, pulmonary valve stenosis, body artery to pulmonary artery fistula and ventricular septal defect. In recent years, cardiac catheterization interventional technology has been rapidly developing in China. This technique has been mastered by cardiology, cardiac pediatrics and interventional radiology departments in many hospitals, and the success rate of the procedure is nearly 100%. At present, interventional technology for the treatment of precardiac disease has been classified as a more mature technical means at home and abroad, and is gradually becoming the preferred treatment method.