“Hemorrhoids” is often used to describe numerous anal symptoms, but it is usually not always applied accurately, including by some physicians. Due to the vague understanding, there is even a saying that “nine out of ten people have hemorrhoids”, and the clinical treatment of hemorrhoids is not very standardized. In recent years, the understanding of hemorrhoids has been updated with the advancement of research, so it is necessary to reacquaint ourselves with “hemorrhoids”. The first is the pathological concept of hemorrhoids. The traditional understanding is that hemorrhoids are a mass of blood vessels formed by dilated or varicose veins, a lesion of the blood vessels themselves. This view was once widely accepted and guided clinical treatment. In recent years, as research has progressed, the theory of inferior displacement of the anal cushion has been recognized by more scholars, thus replacing the traditional view. This theory suggests that the anal cushion is a normal tissue structure at the end of the rectum that is repeatedly displaced distally due to constipation and increased abdominal pressure, in which the fibrous septum gradually relaxes until it breaks, accompanied by venous plexus stasis, dilation, fusion, and even entrapment of tiny arteriovenous fistulas, and finally forming hemorrhoids. Next is the clinical concept of hemorrhoids. The clinical characteristic of hemorrhoids is that they are often asymptomatic, and patients only present with symptoms and are diagnosed with hemorrhoids. Here, some understanding should be further clarified that the anal cushion is a normal tissue structure with its own physiological function, and that hemorrhoids become hemorrhoids after a pathological change in the anal cushion, and that hemorrhoids are a disease that should be pathological even if they do not present with symptoms. To make things clear, British scholars refer to symptomatic ones as hemorrhoids. So what is clinically referred to as hemorrhoids is actually symptomatic hemorrhoids, or hemorrhoid disease. There is a convergence of understanding regarding the surgical treatment of hemorrhoids. It is wrong to treat hemorrhoids when you see them; asymptomatic hemorrhoids do not require special treatment, but good bowel habits and personal hygiene must be practiced. The aim of treatment for symptomatic hemorrhoids is to eliminate or relieve symptoms, not to eradicate the pathologically altered anal cushion. Therefore, non-surgical methods should be used to eliminate symptoms whenever possible, including changing the structure of the diet, drinking more water, eating more dietary fiber, keeping the bowels open, and taking warm sitz baths. Anal suppositories and ointments can be used as appropriate. For significant bleeding, sclerotherapy injection is still a simple and effective method, but the recurrence rate is high. For external hemorrhoids with complications, internal hemorrhoids of III and IV degrees, and mixed hemorrhoids surgical treatment can be considered. There are many surgical methods, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The more classic and traditional method is ligation, which can be applied according to the conditions of the hospital and the experience of the surgeon. The more popular PPH procedure does have the advantage of less pain and shorter hospital stay compared to the traditional ligation, but has its indications and limitations and is not suitable for all hemorrhoids. Finally, it should be pointed out that no matter which surgical method is used, it is not a “cure” and should not destroy too much skin of the anal canal, but should try to preserve more normal tissue and anal cushion to ensure the function of the anus. As the only key specialty in the city, our anorectal department has rich experience in anorectal diseases and is willing to serve those who have “hemorrhoids” with enthusiasm.