Surgery for pituitary tumors is divided into open microsurgery, transnasal butterfly microsurgery and transnasal butterfly neuroendoscopic surgery. Neuroendoscopy is a minimally invasive neurosurgical technique developed in the past 20 years. Compared with the other two types of surgery, transnasal butterfly neuroendoscopy has a good viewing angle and a clear field of view, and can remove tumors under direct vision, which reduces the possibility of tumor residue and helps protect important structures such as the internal carotid artery, thus improving the safety of surgery. In addition, neuroendoscopic surgery is less discomforting to the normal structures of the nasal cavity and is the mainstream approach for pituitary tumor surgery.