(A) Points to note when having a seizure
Once a seizure occurs, there is no need to panic, the patient should be immediately laid flat, head to the side, quickly loosen the collar and trouser belt, stuff the towel between the upper and lower teeth to avoid biting the tongue, do not forcefully press the convulsing body to avoid fracture and dislocation. If there is persistent status epilepticus, send to hospital for treatment and terminate the seizure as soon as possible.
(B) Observation and recording of the condition
1. Fully understand and record the patient’s seizure characteristics, such as seizure trigger, place, seizure time, seizure aura, duration, etc.
2. Closely observe the characteristics of the seizure, mainly observing whether the seizure is dominated by convulsions or loss of consciousness, the site of convulsions, whether there is incontinence, bitten tongue and trauma, etc.
3. Observe the performance after the seizure, such as the presence of headache, weakness, nausea, vomiting, etc.
Only when detailed information is presented to the doctor can targeted treatment be given.
(C) Points to note when taking medication
1.Family members should supervise and check that the patient takes medication on time and in the right amount, to prevent underdosing, omission and overdosing.
2.Family members should not casually change drugs and doses, whether to increase or decrease drugs and change the variety of drugs, should be under the guidance of the doctor.
3, should adhere to a longer period of treatment. The longer the duration of the disease, the larger the dose, the more slowly the medication should be discontinued.
(iv) Diet
The patient with epilepsy should not be too hungry or too full, do not overeat. The first thing you need to do is to take a look at the actual product. When patients have abdominal leakage, vomiting, and lose a lot of fluid, they should promptly replenish water and electrolytes to maintain water and electrolyte balance to avoid inducing seizures. Patients should use excitatory drinks as little as possible, so such drinks contain caffeine that can excite brain cells, abnormal discharge and make seizures. The patient should avoid alcohol, drinking alcohol can make the nervous system highly excited and lower the threshold of epileptic foci, which can easily induce seizures. In addition, after drinking alcohol provocation, causing personal injury or death, or the formation of traumatic brain injury and cause secondary epilepsy.
Epilepsy patients should pay attention to a reasonable diet and adequate nutrition. In the long treatment of epilepsy patients, certain western drugs can have an impact on the digestive system, leading to a lack of nutrients or metabolic disorders in patients, such as vitamin B6, vitamin K, folic acid, calcium, magnesium and other elements. In addition to a reasonable diet, pay attention to supplement the above substances and eat more vegetables and fruits. Rice bran and wheat bran contain vitamin B6, so more coarse grains should be eaten. Fish, shrimp, eggs and milk are rich in vitamin D and can promote calcium absorption. Green vegetables are rich in folic acid and vitamin K. Therefore, patients should not be partial or picky in eating, but must have comprehensive and balanced nutrition and reasonable diet.
(V) Sleep and rest
Epilepsy should avoid exertion and ensure sufficient sleep. Lack of sleep can induce or aggravate seizures. Insufficient sleep can increase the excitability of the brain, and normal people who do not get enough sleep can have EEG activity similar to that of epileptics. Epileptic patients should ensure that they get at least 7-9 hours of sleep per day for adults and at least 8-16 hours for children.
(vi) Going out
When you go out, be sure to carry an “epilepsy treatment card” with you to facilitate first aid and timely contact with family members. Do not travel until the seizures are under control. After the seizures are under control, you must travel with a family member who is familiar with the condition and has a good understanding of the care, and carry emergency medication with you to treat the seizures in a timely manner. Pay attention to diet, ensure sufficient sleep, do not overexert yourself, forbid to go to dangerous areas, climb dangerous rocks, close to the wall, do not close to reservoirs, rivers, do not visit the light, eerie adventure palace, avoid strong cracked sound, colored lights caused by visual and auditory stimulation and other sensory stimulation. Do not bathe in the bath, so as not to cause a sudden attack resulting in drowning.
(vii) Activities, entertainment
Epileptic patients can participate in moderate exercise, such as walking, jogging, badminton, tennis, table tennis and other sports, if the disease is stable, you can also play basketball, soccer, etc., appropriate physical activity can increase the stability of nerve cells. However, do not be too intense, and do not participate in sports such as swimming, climbing, diving, racing, etc. Also try not to ride a bicycle to prevent falls or traffic accidents when seizures occur.
Epileptic patients should watch less television, especially watching movies, television-induced seizures of patients, before the drug satisfactory control of seizures, it is best not to watch television or movies, because some images, sound has a strong visual and auditory stimulation, especially some horror scenes, for some children with epilepsy, easy to induce made. For patients with better control of their condition, it is best to watch television for no more than half an hour a day. For patients with flash-induced seizures, playing video games should be prohibited. If you’re not sure what to do, you’ll be able to get a good idea of what to do.
Encourage patients to go to public places to contact with their peers and society. Epileptic patients worry that they will have seizures in public and be stigmatized, thus often having low self-esteem, depression and reluctance to participate in social activities, bringing some impact on their quality of life and even treatment. In fact, under the good control of drugs, the patient to participate in social activities, can make the mood relaxed, happy spirit, will be conducive to disease treatment.