Common laboratory tests are used to diagnose spinal pain of autoimmune disease, infection or malignant origin.
Laboratory tests may include a white blood cell (WBC) count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP).
Based on symptoms, targeted investigations including, but not limited to, abdominal plain films, ultrasound, and tumour indicators are implemented when it is necessary to differentiate between the presence of other systemic diseases for further differential diagnosis.