Tympanic membrane perforation is a common disease in otolaryngology. Trauma, chronic otitis media, cholesteatoma, and ear tumors are the causes of tympanic membrane perforation. Small traumatic tympanic membrane perforations tend to heal on their own, but for those that do not heal over time, surgical repair should be performed. Repairing the tympanic membrane can control and prevent middle ear infections, reconstruct the air-containing tympanic chamber, and rebuild hearing. The success rate of tympanic membrane repair using modern ear microsurgery techniques can reach over 90%. To achieve good surgical results, good surgical conditions must be created. The survival of the reimplanted eardrum is not only related to the surgical technique, but also closely related to middle ear inflammation and the function of the eustachian tube. For patients with adenoid hypertrophy, deviated septum, nasal polyps, sinusitis, and allergic rhinitis, these diseases should be actively controlled before tympanoplasty can be considered. There are three main surgical approaches to tympanic membrane repair: the internal implant method, the external implant method, and the sandwich method. The exact choice of which surgical method to choose depends on the surgeon’s custom and the condition. The materials used for tympanic membrane repair can be chosen from ear screen cartilage membrane and temporalis muscle fascia. For small perforations of the tympanic membrane, repair can also be performed with earlobe fat blocks. Tympanic membrane repair is a relatively mature surgical technique, but the surgery itself carries certain risks. Some patients may develop infections after surgery, some patients may experience hearing loss, tinnitus and vertigo after surgery, and in some patients, the tympanic membrane grafts do not survive after tympanic membrane repair and require another surgery to repair the tympanic membrane.