The most common malignant tumor of the head and neck is nasopharyngeal cancer, especially in the southern coastal areas of China, its incidence rate can be as high as 30 to 50/100,000. The mortality rate of nasopharyngeal cancer accounts for about 2.81% of all malignant tumors, ranking eighth, with a high incidence at the age of 40-60 years old, with men being the most common. The second is thyroid cancer, with an incidence rate of 3.5/100,000, which is more common in young and middle-aged women, with a high incidence age of 35 to 55. The third is salivary gland tumor (including parotid gland, submandibular gland, sublingual gland and minor salivary gland), with an incidence rate of about 3/100,000, of which 80% occur in parotid gland, 10% in submandibular gland, 1% in sublingual gland and the rest in minor salivary gland. The incidence rate of male and female is equal, and it is more likely to occur in middle and old people. Other common malignant tumors of the head and neck include cancers of the oral cavity (including tongue, buccal mucosa, gingiva, floor of the mouth, hard palate, soft palate, tonsils, etc.), laryngeal cancer, malignant lymphoma, metastatic cancer of the neck with unknown origin, soft tissue sarcoma of the head and neck, as well as scalp cancer, skin cancer of the head and neck and malignant melanoma. In conclusion, head and neck malignant tumors account for about 5% of the whole body malignant tumors. Overall, due to different living habits, male incidence is higher than female incidence, and the high incidence age often starts from 30 to 40 years old, peaks from 40 to 60 years old, and gradually decreases after 60 years old. According to the geographical distribution, nasopharyngeal cancer, thyroid cancer, malignant lymphoma and skin cancer are more common in southern China, while oral cancer and laryngeal cancer are more common in northern China.