If you have gallbladder stones, to cure it you have to remove the gallbladder. If a doctor tells you that you can take out the gallbladder stones without removing the gallbladder, do you think it would be better, this is the new technology of gallbladder stone treatment, gallbladder preservation surgery. Cholecystectomy for gallbladder stones started in 1882 with the first cholecystectomy done by Dr. langenbuch. This procedure, although not physiological, has been recognized as a safe and most effective and efficient way to treat benign gallbladder disease. In the absence of a good solution, surgeons around the world have had no choice but to use it to this day. With the progress and development of science and technology, especially the exploration of post-cholecystectomy maladies, it is suggested that the gallbladder has extremely complex and important functions and is an indispensable and irreplaceable important digestive and immune organ. To the best of our knowledge, the gallbladder has at least the functions of storage, concentration and contraction. It also has, of course, complex chemical and immunological functions. The gallbladder concentrates dilute hepatic bile 30-fold, stores it in the gallbladder, and drains it into the intestine to participate in digestion when a high-fat diet is consumed. If the gallbladder is removed, the patient no longer has a high quality and sufficient amount of bile to help him eat a high-fat diet, so his body has to suffer from indigestion, bloating and diarrhea. However, this symptom is often ignored by surgeons and referred to gastroenterology, making it an intractable “stubborn disease” in internal medicine. The most common conditions are: 1. Indigestion and reflux gastritis As far as is known, the gallbladder has at least the function of storage, concentration and contraction. It also has, of course, complex chemical and immunological functions. The gallbladder can concentrate dilute hepatic bile 30 times, store it in the gallbladder, and drain it into the intestine to participate in digestion when a high-fat diet is consumed. If the gallbladder is removed, the patient no longer has a high quality and sufficient amount of bile to help him eat a high-fat diet, so his body has to suffer from indigestion, bloating and diarrhea. However, this symptom is often ignored by surgeons and pushed to the gastroenterology department, becoming a “persistent disease” difficult to treat in internal medicine. In addition, after cholecystectomy, duodenal fluid gastric reflux and gastric fluid esophageal reflux. Therefore, patients often have symptoms of indigestion and reflux gastritis such as heartburn and epigastric discomfort. 2, the problem of bile duct injury caused after cholecystectomy It is known that cholecystectomy has a certain rate of bile duct injury (0.18% to 2.3%); and there is a certain mortality rate, which is 5% to 8% in the early stage and still 0.17% at present. Surgical injuries include: bile duct injury, hepatic duct injury, vascular injury, gastrointestinal injury, etc. Among the bile duct injury cases, 75% of them are caused by gallbladder removal. In the United States, for example, about 500,000 cholecystectomies are performed each year, so there will be thousands of cases of bile duct injury each year. China’s large population, gallbladder stone removal cases should be above the United States, especially there is a certain mortality rate, if you carefully calculate the harm caused by gallbladder removal, will certainly shudder! Huang Zhiqiang, the master of biliary surgery in China, shouted out: bile duct injury is the “eternal pain” of biliary surgeons! As a general surgeon can not avoid the problem of bile duct injury! We can never forget the despair and painful faces of patients with bile duct injury! Compared with cholecystectomy, biliary stone retrieval simply cannot injure the organs around the gallbladder, plus, considering the physiological defects and immune functions brought about by cholecystectomy, it should be carefully considered if cholecystectomy is hastily chosen to treat gallbladder stones. The incidence of common bile duct stones is increased after cholecystectomy, and most common cases of common bile duct stones have a history of gallbladder removal. The most reasonable explanation is the principle of “hydrodynamics”. After removal of the gallbladder, the gallbladder loses its buffering effect on the fluid pressure in the common bile duct, resulting in an increase in pressure in the common bile duct, which causes compensatory dilation, resulting in a vortex or eddy of bile flow in the common bile duct, which is an important theory for the formation of gallstones. In this way, cholecystectomy avoids the risk of “recurrence” of gallbladder stones after surgery, but invites the scourge of “growing common bile duct stones”, which is the most dangerous stone, and it is self-evident which is more important. 4.The effect of cholecystectomy on the incidence of colon cancer In recent years, many European scholars engaged in colon cancer research have found a phenomenon and doubts, that is, many cases of colon cancer have a history of gallbladder removal. Some people analyzed 100 cases of gallbladder removal patients over 60 years old, 12 cases of colon cancer after surgery; while only 3 cases of colon cancer after surgery among 100 patients without gallbladder removal, the risk of colon cancer in patients with a history of gallbladder removal is 4 times higher than that of the general population. Regarding the relationship between cholecystectomy and colon cancer, experts pointed out through animal experiments. Secondary bile acids increase greatly after cholecystectomy, and this substance can stimulate the mitotic enhancement tendency of colonic mucosa, which increases the incidence of colon cancer, especially ascending colon cancer. 5.Post-cholecystectomy syndrome post-cholecystectomy psychological disorder Half of the patients have a feeling of distention and fullness in the upper abdomen or right upper abdomen, abdominal tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, constipation, fat intolerance or diarrhea, etc., which appear within a few weeks after surgery, and the other half of the patients have symptoms within months or years after surgery. They often include pain in the right upper abdomen or epigastrium, mostly after meals, which is sharp. Other symptoms may include heartburn, belching, vomiting and intolerance to a fatty diet, with severe pain accompanied by fever, jaundice or vomiting. These symptoms are non-specific and the term “post-cholecystectomy syndrome” is a vague concept that is difficult to treat clinically because the underlying cause is unknown. It is because of the above-mentioned many disadvantages after cholecystectomy that gallbladder preservation surgery has been invented. Therefore, patients suffering from gallbladder stones or gallbladder polyps should carefully remove the gallbladder, and it is better to choose to perform cholecystotomy to remove stones and gallbladder polypectomy, i.e., bile conservation surgery, i.e., remove stones and polyps, and save the gallbladder, and there will be no more problems related to gallbladder removal. I would like to introduce our readers to the gallbladder preservation surgery performed in our hospital. Surgical steps: A small incision of 2cm is made in the right upper abdomen or under the rib cage to enter the abdomen, explore the location of the gallbladder, tract the gallbladder, make an incision of about 0.5M at the bottom of the gallbladder, insert a choledochoscope, aspirate the bile in the gallbladder with a negative pressure suction device, put in saline to flush the gallbladder cavity to make a clear view, and remove the stones and polyps in the gallbladder under direct vision of the choledochoscope. Finally, the choledochoscope was used to repeatedly check the gallbladder cavity for small stones and to observe the flow of bile into the gallbladder to exclude stone impaction in the gallbladder duct. After making sure that the gallbladder is free of stones and the gallbladder duct is clear, the gallbladder is carefully sutured in two layers with absorbable thread, and finally the surgical incision is closed layer by layer. The advantages of biliary surgery technology are: 1. The surgery is less traumatic and safe. The operation does not involve the bile duct, so there is no possibility of bile duct injury, and it is truly minimally invasive because the gallbladder is preserved. 2. Clean stone extraction. Under the direct vision of cholangioscope, stones and polyps are removed from the gallbladder, and no stones are left in the gallbladder cavity, and the patency of the gallbladder duct can be observed. 3. Small postoperative incision scar and good cosmetic effect. 4. Fast postoperative recovery: generally, you can get out of bed in 6-8 hours after surgery, and you can eat liquid juice in 1 day after surgery. After proper infusion and anti-inflammatory treatment for two days, you can be discharged from the hospital in 3 to 4 days after surgery.5, There are no various disadvantages after cholecystectomy.