Brain tumors in children are the second most common tumor after leukemia and have a great impact on the growth and development of children. Because the fontanelle is not closed in newborns, many tumors are detected only when they are large, which makes treatment extremely difficult. There are many different types of brain tumors in children, including astrocytic tumors, medulloblastoma, ventricular meningeal tumors and germ cell tumors, etc. The sensitivity to radiotherapy and other treatment options varies greatly depending on the type of tumor, and the prognosis is also very different. The treatment of pediatric brain tumors is determined by a combination of age, nature of the tumor, surgery and postoperative evaluation. First of all, the pathology should be clarified and combined with the pathology, sensitive chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy should be used to improve the efficacy. The molecular targeted therapy drugs currently carried out need to type the tumor pathology and use different chemotherapy for different molecular marker, which can reduce the blindness of treatment for patients and improve the efficacy at the same time. Of course, the prerequisite is to go to an experienced hospital for maximum tumor resection and then individualized treatment after surgery. For example, in many brain stem tumors carried out by the Department of Pediatric Brain Surgery of Xinhua Hospital, the sites include midbrain/bridge/medulla oblongata, many families thought that there is no hope for treatment for children, but if it is a limited type of tumor, most of them can still be treated surgically, and many of the postoperative pathologies are also low-grade gliomas, such as hairy cell astrocytoma, and the prognosis is not that bad. Therefore, the treatment of brain tumor must be seen in regular hospitals, and the techniques such as navigation/electrophysiological detection should be used during surgery to reduce collateral damage and perform maximum resection, and multidisciplinary synergistic treatment and long-term follow-up should be performed after surgery. Therefore, the treatment of pediatric brain tumor is determined by the nature of the tumor, the situation of surgery and postoperative evaluation.