Muscle spasm is a phenomenon of sudden involuntary tonic muscle contraction that causes muscle stiffness and unbearable pain. The mechanism of muscle spasm is still unclear, and most research findings suggest that muscle spasm is due to a decrease in the stress threshold of the nerve or muscle, causing tonic contraction of the muscle. Muscle spasms can occur in the following situations: 1) muscle fatigue caused by prolonged exercise or prolonged exercise in an improper posture; 2) muscle spasms can occur due to poor local blood circulation; 3) muscle spasms can occur due to excessive water and salt loss; 4) muscle spasms can occur due to severe diarrhea, vomiting or inadequate dietary minerals, such as magnesium and calcium. If the patient has severe diarrhea, vomiting, or insufficient dietary minerals, such as magnesium and calcium, muscle spasms may occur; 5, sudden changes in environmental temperature, such as high fever, or a sudden drop in body temperature, may also trigger muscle spasms; 6, excessive emotional stress may also trigger muscle spasms; 7, patients with epilepsy may also have muscle spasms; 8, chronic diseases and pregnant women may have muscle spasms, and patients must pay careful attention at this time. The treatment should be done separately for different triggers. Overall, patients should pay attention to proper exercise, hydration and electrolyte replacement, and avoid sudden temperature changes. In the case of seizures, targeted treatment at a specialist neurology department is required.