I. Pre-operative guidance 1. Maintain good dietary habits. Strictly limit smoking and alcohol; avoid rough food such as raw, hard, spiny or bony fish and meat; avoid spicy and stimulating food such as ginger, onion and chili; do not eat greasy and fried food; food temperature should not be too cold or too hot. 2.Keep your bowels clear and observe the color of your bowels, eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and develop a good bowel habit. 3.Reasonable arrangement of rest time, to ensure adequate sleep, and maintain a happy mood. 4. For those with hypersplenism, avoid bumps and bruises, and reduce the amount of activity to prevent spleen rupture causing hemorrhage. When nosebleed, use cold or ice towel on forehead, if necessary, the doctor will fill the back of nasal cavity with hemostatic gauze, pay attention to use soft bristle toothbrush to brush teeth with warm water, use cold water to gargle when gums bleed to keep the mouth clean; preoperative diet should pay attention to the light, eat more easy to digest and less residue food, eat less raw and cold fruits and melons. Post-operative instructions 1, fasting for 3 days after surgery, after the recovery of gastrointestinal motility under the guidance of medical staff into the fluid, and then gradually changed to semi-fluid, general food. 2.”Spleenic fever”：It is usually considered that 2 weeks after splenectomy, the body temperature <38.5℃, excluding infection, that is, "splenic fever". Attention: (1) diligent scrub bath, diligent change of clothes. (2) Use anti-inflammatory pain suppositories at the right time and in the right amount as prescribed by the doctor. (3) Increase nutrition and encourage eating. 3.Prevention of thrombosis: Increased platelet after splenectomy is the main cause of thrombosis, and blood routine should be rechecked after operation. Patients must move around the bedside as early as possible; they should pay attention to the symptoms of thromboembolism, such as headache, abdominal pain, limb swelling, etc., and report to the medical staff in time if there is any discomfort. C. Precautions for patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding 1, absolute bed rest, lying position with head tilted to one side, timely removal of blood in the mouth to prevent choking. 2, fasting, after the bleeding stops, according to the medical advice into the warm and cool diet. Continuous low-flow oxygen inhalation. 4.Keep the mouth clean, and take good care of the mouth in time after vomiting blood. 5.Don't handle the black stool on your own, notify the medical staff in time. After each stool should be wiped clean, keep the buttocks clean and dry, in order to prevent the occurrence of eczema and bedsores. 6, pay attention to warmth, pollution of clothing in a timely manner to avoid adverse stimulation. Patients and their families should know the aura of bleeding and basic nursing measures. Bleeding aura: black stool, dizziness, panic, sweating, nausea, rapid pulse and other symptoms. Basic nursing measures: patients should rest in bed immediately, head tilted to one side; fasting; vomiting should be spit out in time, do not swallow; seek medical treatment immediately. 2. Aura of hepatic coma: appearing demeanor, expression, personality change and fluttering wing-like tremor, should seek medical treatment immediately. 3.The rest is the same as the general discharge guidance for liver surgery patients.