I. Risk factors.
1, major factors: age gender (>40 years old male), hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking.
2, secondary factors: occupation (less physical labor), diet (high fat, high cholesterol class), obesity, personality, genetics, lack of some trace elements in the body, the use of drugs.
Second, self-help.
1, lying down: sedation, calm, quiet, try to relax, avoid mental stimulation; use flat or semi-recumbent position, avoid exertion, do not move at will.
2, medication: sublingual nitroglycerin and aspirin (the method is not to drink, do not swallow, so that the drug melted under the tongue), because the sublingual veins are very rich, the drug is easy to absorb.
3, call for help (call 120), if possible, oxygen.
Prevention and health care.
The common triggers of coronary heart disease include: emotional excitement, full meals, overexertion, cold, forceful defecation, smoking, drinking, to prevent the occurrence of coronary heart disease well, we must try to avoid the occurrence of triggers.
1, pay attention to rest, maintain emotional stability, and have a good attitude towards everything.
2, diet
(1) a small number of meals, prohibit overeating, control weight, and eat less cold drinks.
(2) Do not eat before bedtime to prevent overweight.
(3) improve the diet structure: avoid high fat, high cholesterol, high salt diet, it is appropriate to eat more fresh vegetables, fruits (apples, sweet oranges, bananas, hawthorn), beans (soybeans, peas, fava beans, adzuki beans, green beans), black fungus, mushrooms, onions, corn, winter melon, eggs (one per day is appropriate, not too much), moderate drinking tea (should not be drunk before bedtime), drinking yogurt (which contains a large number of milk factors, has prevent atherosclerosis), milk (low-fat), etc. Daily salt intake of no more than 6 grams.
3. Control hyperlipidemia, hypertension and diabetes. Always have medicines that can relieve angina in case of urgent need.
4, appropriate activities: for example, walking, boxing, doing exercises, etc., in a gradual manner.
5, pay attention to keep warm.
6.Keep the bowels open and develop the habit of having regular bowel movements.
Ways to promote intestinal peristalsis: massage the abdomen for 20 minutes 1-2 hours after each meal can promote intestinal peristalsis. Also eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.
7, quit smoking and alcohol, do not drink coffee or strong tea.
8, follow medical advice to take medication.
9, sleeping position: high blood pressure, plus pillow lying down, pillow height of 15cm; with heart disease on the right side, the serious half-lying position, not left-sided or prone; sleep should not read more books and newspapers or writing, and should not watch thrilling or stressful TV, movies.
Fourth, sports and exercise.
For patients with coronary heart disease, it is appropriate to make quantitative endurance exercise, mainly refers to walking, jogging, cycling, swimming, etc. with large muscle groups.
Participate in the continuous cycle of exercise.
1, walking: walking as an exercise program, each time you can walk 45 to 60 minutes, or daily walking 1000 to 2000 meters, interspersed with fast walking (more than 100 steps per minute of fast walking, can make the heart rate of 100 to 110 times / min). Walk with a stable gait, natural breathing, to prevent falls
2, jogging: jogging should be prepared for exercise, wear sports shoes, running to maintain a relaxed pace, pay attention to the ground and the surrounding environment, to prevent falls, jogging can also be cross walking, after running steps can be slow walking, or do physical activities, gymnastics and other exercises.
3, cycling: exercise should be the height of the seat and handlebar curvature adjustment, travel to keep the upper body slightly leaning forward, to avoid force grip, suitable for exercise in the sports field. If the conditions can be applied to power bicycle exercise indoors, it has the advantage of standardized exercise, easy to observe and compare.
4, swimming: better physical strength, the original will swim, with the conditions can be long-term persistent people, can engage in this physical exercise, but should be ready to exercise, and should avoid the exercise time too long to prevent muscle cramps.
Other exercise programs are taijiquan, gymnastics and qigong, etc., can be selected according to the specific circumstances.
5.Caution.
Physical exercise is beneficial to patients with coronary heart disease, but improperly carried out, the harm brought to patients with coronary heart disease is not uncommon. Therefore, patients with coronary heart disease in the participation of physical exercise, should pay attention to the following issues.
(1) avoid exercising within two hours of a large number of meals, strong tea, coffee, etc., and should not eat within one hour after exercise.
(2) Do not drink or smoke before exercise; avoid emotional excitement before and after exercise.
(3) exercise should be gradual, persistent, usually do not exercise, do not suddenly engage in strenuous exercise.
(4) heavy exercise, should avoid wearing too thick, affecting heat dissipation, increase heart rate, increased heart rate will increase myocardial oxygen consumption.
(5) avoid taking a hot bath or bathing in hot water immediately after exercise, at least 15 minutes after rest, and control the water temperature at 40 ℃ or less, because the whole body immersed in hot water, which is bound to cause extensive vasodilation, and the relative reduction of blood supply to the heart.
(6) Exercise should be reduced during the high temperature and high humidity season.