Many cancers will show early symptoms. If all the typical symptoms of cancer have appeared, although the diagnosis can be confirmed, most of them are already in the middle and late stages, and the time for surgery or the best treatment is lost. Timely detection of early symptoms of cancer is of great importance to the treatment of tumors. The World Cancer Report published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer shows that the number of global cancer cases rose from 12.7 million in 2008 to 14.1 million in 2012, and the number of global cancer deaths rose from 7.6 million in 2008 to 8.2 million in 2012. According to statistics, there are about 3.12 million new cancer cases nationwide every year, with an average of 8,550 people diagnosed every day, 6 people are diagnosed with cancer every minute, and 2.7 million deaths from cancer every year. Based on the per capita life expectancy, the lifetime probability of cancer in China is 22%. Henan Province is one of the most populous provinces and one of the most tumor-prone provinces. Every year, 150,000 people develop, 120,000 people die, and as many as 200,000 patients are currently ill. Malignant tumor deaths account for more than 20% of total deaths, ranking first among various causes of death. Cancer has three major characteristics: high incidence, high mortality and high cost of treatment. Warning signs of cancer in the body The occurrence of many cancers is a slow process. Generally, it takes 10 years or more after exposure to certain amount of carcinogenic or cancer-promoting substances to cause cell mutation and then cancer. About 77% of cancer patients are over 55 years old at the time of diagnosis. During this long process, people have sufficient time for prevention, intervention and early detection. The prevention of cancer is indispensable and the fear of cancer is not. Many cancers have early signals and timely detection of early signals is helpful to save lives effectively. Cancer is indeed a relatively difficult disease to cure under the current level of medical research. The reason for the difficulty is that there are no signs in the early stage of cancer and 80% of the patients are already in the late stage when they are found, “However, difficult to cure does not mean incurable. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are crucial for cancer patients. The early warning signs of cancer are summarized into five easy-to-remember “cancer signals”, namely: blood, mass, pain, burning and reduction. 1. Blood (bleeding): Except for normal menstruation in women, any unexplained bleeding from any organ that persists for a long time may be an early warning signal of cancer. (1) Unexplained nasal bleeding (excluding transient nasal bleeding caused by trauma, external force, dry weather or high blood pressure) may be nasopharyngeal cancer, blood disorders, etc.; (2) Coughing up blood or blood in sputum (excluding temporary bleeding caused by dry weather or overwork) may be a manifestation of lung cancer. (3) Blood in urine, especially painless hematuria, may be bladder cancer or kidney cancer; (4) Blood in stool, if accompanied by change in bowel habits, urgency (abdominal pain and distress, need to defecate at times, heavy anus, and unpleasant bowel movements), may be the early manifestation of colorectal cancer; (5) Bloody discharge from female nipples may be breast cancer or breast duct tumor; (6) Vaginal bleeding after menopause, may be the manifestation of cervical cancer. may be a manifestation of cervical cancer. 2. (Abnormal lump): (1) A lump that does not go away for a long time or increases rapidly within a short period of time appears in superficial parts of the body. Cancer is often an irregular lump with itching, ulceration and oozing; (2) asymmetric, irregular lumps with orange peel-like changes on both sides of the breast may be breast cancer; goiter, sudden inability to make a sound or voice suddenly becomes hoarse, in addition to looking at the thyroid gland, you should also visit the oncology department to avoid thyroid cancer or laryngeal cancer from being missed. 3. Pain (ache): Long-term and continuously worsening pain may be an early sign of cancer. (1) Progressive increase of headache, accompanied by nausea and vomiting (jet vomiting is more critical) and blurred vision, which may be a manifestation of brain tumor or brain metastasis of lung cancer. Director Chen Xiaobing reminded that when the above symptoms appear, some patients often just go to neurology for medical treatment, but they must consult with oncology after seeing neurology to check whether there is brain tumor or not, so as not to delay the treatment time. (2) Pain, pressure, tightness and hardness in the neck and facial edema, which may be caused by the obstruction of blood return caused by the tumor pressing the superior vena cava; (3) Burning sensation behind the sternum, discomfort and pain in swallowing things, which may be the manifestation of esophageal cancer and cardia cancer and stomach cancer. 4.Fever (fever): persistent fever, especially low fever, children should be alert to hematological system tumors, and growing people should have the possibility of liver cancer, kidney cancer and other tumors. 5.Weight loss (weight loss): unexplained weight loss in a short period of time and progressive decline (excluding hyperthyroidism and diabetes) may be a tumor; if weight loss is accompanied by yellowish skin color and pain, active examination should be conducted to exclude the possibility of pancreatic cancer and other tumors. When these symptoms appear, you should go to the hospital for relevant examination in time to be alert of incoming tumor. Regular physical examination is one of the important ways to detect cancer at an early stage “Most cancers, which can be classified as chronic diseases, can be prevented and controlled to some extent.” Director Wei Junli pointed out, “As long as good living habits are developed and early signals are detected in time, lives can be effectively saved. To detect tumor early, firstly, individuals should pay attention to the small changes of body, and in addition, regular physical examination is also an important way to detect tumor early. The so-called regular physical examination includes blood lipid, blood pressure, blood sugar, five items of hepatitis B and abdominal ultrasound, but the doctor can combine the individual needs of the examinee to do cancer prevention physical examination of corresponding parts. For example, for lung cancer prevention physical examination, CT examination of lung should be emphasized during physical examination; patients suspected of having stomach cancer or having family history of high-risk stomach cancer can focus on gastroscopy; anal examination is a simple way to detect rectal cancer, and must be done for those with long-term blood in stool or abnormal stool habit. The so-called cancer prevention medical examination refers to a series of targeted medical examinations conducted under healthy conditions or without any symptoms. Its purpose is to detect early stage tumors and at the same time to find out the already existing high-risk factors for cancer development. Health check-ups usually do not include tumor screening. Although health check-ups can detect some early stage cancer patients, it is easy to “miss” them. Who should have cancer checkup? 1. Age factor 40~50 years old is the high incidence age of cancer, and it is generally believed that people aged 40~65 years old should have regular cancer checkups. In view of the trend of most cancers becoming younger, the starting age of physical examination can be advanced. 2.Gender factor Men should pay attention to the examination of lung, liver, esophagus, stomach, colorectum, nasopharynx, pancreas, kidney, bladder, larynx, gallbladder, thyroid, etc. Women should have regular gynecological examination of breast, cervix, uterus, ovaries, etc. in addition to the examination of the above items. 3. Genetic factors Many cancers have the phenomenon of family gathering, and genetic studies have also proved that cancer has a certain genetic basis. Therefore, family members with one or more types of cancer in three generations of blood relations should have regular cancer checkups as early as possible. For those who have the same history of cancer in several generations of family members, they should pay more attention to it. 4.Psychological factors In healthy people, although normal cells may mutate and become cancer cells, the immune system of human body can destroy and eliminate these cells in time before they proliferate. If a person is emotionally or psychologically depressed for a long time, it will inhibit the immune function of human body, thus affecting the immune system’s function of recognizing and destroying cancer cells. 5.Lifestyles such as unbalanced nutrition, unhygienic diet, frequent physical inactivity, uncontrolled smoking and drinking, unbalanced psychology, insufficient sleep, irregular life and uncombined labor are all lifestyles related to the occurrence of cancer. 6. People in certain areas with high incidence of cancer should pay special attention to the relevant examination. People whose living environment is heavily polluted by carcinogens and those who are often exposed to radioactive substances, ultraviolet rays or toxic chemicals (such as nitrosamines, benzene, arsenic, azo dyes, etc.) in their work should be listed as the target of cancer prevention screening. Pre-cancerous diseases and lesions are those that have a greater possibility of developing or transforming into cancer, such as mucosal leukoplakia, cervical erosion, breast atypical hyperplasia, breast fibroadenoma, chronic ulcerative colitis, colonic villous adenoma, familial colorectal adenomatosis, chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric ulcer, residual stomach after major gastrectomy, chronic skin ulcer, chronic hepatitis B and C caused by nodular cirrhosis, biliary cirrhosis, etc. nodular cirrhosis, gallbladder epithelial atypical hyperplasia associated with cholecystitis, etc. Many cancers can be prevented, as long as we adopt good living habits; many cancers can be cured, as long as we are vigilant and have regular medical checkups, we can achieve early diagnosis and early treatment. Experts’ advice: 24 words for tumor prevention Prevention of cancer is better than treatment, and 1/3 of cancers can be prevented. The prevention of cancer is divided into primary prevention, secondary prevention and tertiary prevention. Primary prevention. The main purpose of primary prevention is to identify and eliminate risk factors and causes, improve cancer prevention ability and prevent cancer before it happens; the methods used for prevention are mainly identification of carcinogenic agents in the environment, vaccination, chemoprevention; changing poor lifestyle and improving diet and nutrition. Secondary prevention. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment (the three early stages) should be achieved to prevent the disease at the beginning. The main methods include screening and census, monitoring high-risk groups, improving early diagnosis, and eradicating pre-cancerous patients. Tertiary prevention. The main purpose is to improve the treatment rate, improve the survival rate and quality of life, rehabilitation, and pain relief. The methods used are mainly to study reasonable treatment plans, conduct rehabilitation guidance, strengthen exercise, reasonable diet and pain relief. Combined with years of experience in tumor prevention and treatment, we summarized the 24 words of tumor prevention: “reasonable diet, moderate exercise, quit smoking and limit alcohol, balanced mind, sufficient sleep, regular medical checkup”, in short, “control your mouth, open your legs, no smoking, good mood”. In short, “control your mouth, open your legs, do not smoke, good mood.