Breast nodules are a type of breast lump that includes benign and malignant lumps. Benign lumps are common in women of childbearing age and resolve on their own after menopause. There are 4 types: breast pain; lobular hyperplasia; fibroadenoma or papilloma; fibrocystic hyperplasia or sclerosing mastopathy surgically treated.
1.Cause of development
Breast nodules are structural degenerative lesions and progressive connective tissue growth in the ducts and lobules of breast tissue, and their pathogenesis is mainly due to endocrine hormone imbalance. Marriage, diet, the external environment of human existence and genetic factors are the main causes of mammary gland pathogenesis.
2.Symptoms of the disease
It is mainly characterized by periodic pain in the breast. At first, it is a diffuse swelling pain, and the tenderness is obvious in the upper and middle part of the breast, and the pain increases before menstruation every month, and decreases or disappears after menstruation. In severe cases, the pain is persistent before and after menstruation, and sometimes the pain radiates to the axilla, back of the shoulder, upper limbs, etc. Patients often report that there is a lump in the breast, but only the thickened breast gland is palpable during clinical examination.
3. Clinical manifestations
The clinical manifestations of breast nodules are often breast pain and breast lumps, and individual nipple overflow, which is mostly cool, colorless and plasma. If the overflow is yellow or bloody and the amount is high, it may be pathological and should be taken seriously enough to go to the hospital for treatment.
The manifestation of breast pain is often unstable and can be aggravated before menstruation, and also often aggravated by emotional changes, exertion and weather changes. Pharmacological interventions are required if the pain has been present for more than 3 months and if it interferes with daily work and life
Breast lumps are the main basis for diagnosing breast disease, most are multiple, lumps vary in size, hard or hard and tough in texture, lumps do not adhere to the skin, the surface of the lump is often not smooth and granular to touch.
Some patients with breast enlargement also have systemic symptoms such as bitter mouth and rib swelling, chest tightness, anorexia and menstrual disorders.
4.Examination methods
Breast palpation: Breast palpation can reveal slightly large breast nodules, benign nodules with clear borders and movable.
Mammography: It can clearly show nodular lesions less than 25px in the breast, and can better characterize and locate the masses. Malignant nodules are mostly round or irregular in shape on mammogram, with 70% of the lesions having rough edges or lobes, and subtle calcifications are visible in some lesions or on all sides.
Color Doppler ultrasound: it can show smaller lesions in tissues and organs more clearly, and can detect the envelope echogenicity, mostly low and medium homogeneous echogenicity; and can show blood flow distribution.
Pathological histological examination: the nodule can be histologically diagnosed by hollow needle biopsy or excisional biopsy under molybdenum palladium or ultrasound positioning to determine the nature of the nodule.
5.Treatment
Since mastocytosis is mainly caused by hormonal imbalance, treatment should start with endocrine regulation. At present, the better treatment for mastocytosis is medication, followed by Chinese medicine, whose treatment principles are.
(1) Diversify the liver and regulate the qi.
(2) Invigorate blood circulation, remove blood stasis, and unblock breast channels.
(3) Softening phlegm and eliminating swelling and nodules.
Gua sha treatment: with scraping the corresponding area of the back breast (i.e. the part of the back corresponding to the front breast), first apply the scraping oil, then scrape from top to bottom and from inside to outside in turn; acupuncture treatment, cupping treatment, massage treatment.
6.Disease prevention
In order to detect breast diseases in time, it is advocated that women over the age of 25 must self-examine their breasts every month. The specific method is: stand in front of the mirror after bathing, arms crossed, the body to do left and right rotation, from the mirror to observe the skin of both breasts for any abnormalities, nipple inversion, and then use the finger belly to stick on the breast in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction slowly move, do not squeeze with your hands to avoid mistaking normal breast tissue for a lump.