1. Pipeline management should fix all kinds of drainage tubes, avoiding folding and pressure causing poor drainage or pulling off. Each drainage tube and drainage bag should be clearly marked. Negative pressure must be maintained continuously in the negative pressure suction bottle to maintain effective drainage, and observe the color, quantity, and character of various drainage fluids. Record the drainage fluid before each shift. If the drainage fluid is bloody, its drainage device tube should be changed daily (except for special tubes such as closed chest drainage tube and abdominal drainage tube). If it is not bloody, change it twice a week. Infants and young children like to move, easy to cause the tube out, should closely observe the drainage fluid, found that abdominal distension, holding urine, wound oozing and other abnormalities, should be timely to find the cause, symptomatic treatment. 2.Monitoring the body temperature of children after surgery is often prone to hypothermia. Body temperature should be kept warm when not rising, newborns can be sent into the warm box, the use of thermal blankets, do a good job of close monitoring to prevent burns. For postoperative absorption of heat, the first use of physical cooling, high temperature children report to the physician in time to use effective drugs to reduce temperature, sedation. 3, infusion management during the observation of drug efficacy and its adverse reactions. There are large venous pipelines in accordance with the routine care, observation of local inflammation occurs, before receiving the liquid must check the blood return. The peripheral small vein patch should be replaced every 3 days according to regulations, and should be replaced at any time under special circumstances. Reasonable arrangement of liquid input and liquid input order, first transfusion of antibiotics and hemostatic drugs, and then transfusion of nutrient solution; fasting and water fasting children, fluid maintenance 24h average transfusion. 4, basic care during fasting and water fasting oral care, twice a day; after major surgery, children are given back care on the second day after surgery, twice a day for three consecutive days; bedridden female children are given perineal douche, once a day; bed bath, once a week; shampooing, once a week; cutting fingernails (toenails), twice a week. 5.Rehabilitation exercise actively assist the child to carry out bed activities. For surgery in cervical, thoracic and abdominal position, after awake from anesthesia and stable blood pressure, semi-recumbent position will be given; passive turning on the first day, assisting in turning on the second day, and active turning on the third day after major surgery; if there are no contraindications, the children are encouraged to get out of bed at an early stage. The affected limbs are continuously elevated after orthopedic surgery, and the peripheral blood circulation and pulsation of arteries are noted. As the condition permits, activities of corresponding muscles and joints are carried out in a gradual manner. Give intermittent clamping before removing the urinary catheter, and train the function of bladder forced urinary muscle. 6.Prevention of complications regular nebulizer inhalation therapy, urge children to breathe deeply, encourage self-coughing and give back percussion sputum discharge, help to press the incision, to avoid not coughing for fear of pain, sputum viscous with sputum chemotherapy drugs. Keep the perineum clean. Drink more water or eat more fruits, so that the drainage of the catheter is smooth to prevent blockage. Assist bedridden children to turn over at regular intervals, and apply protective ointment, protective film, air mattress and other symptomatic treatments when there are pressure sores, and observe the effect.