Hypothyroidism is an endocrine disease caused by insufficient secretion of thyroid hormones or low body response to them. It is referred to as hypothyroidism. Classification of diseases Primary hypothyroidism can be categorized according to age: 1. Congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism or cretinism). Fetal and neonatal onset, there are two kinds of endemic and sporadic. 2, Juvenile hypothyroidism, onset before puberty. Adult hypothyroidism. Sometimes primary hypothyroidism is accompanied by autoimmune hypoadrenocorticism and/or diabetes mellitus, and is known as multiple endocrine gland hypoplasia syndrome. Secondary hypothyroidism refers to hypothyroidism caused by hypothalamic pituitary disorders affecting thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion. Clinical manifestations 1, limited metabolic activity: in mild cases, there are fatigue, chills, abdominal distension, constipation, drowsiness, and excessive menstruation; in severe cases, there is mucous edema, which is manifested as puffy eyelids, wide nose, hypertrophied lips and tongue, dry and keratinized skin, sparse dry and yellowish hair, loss of outer 1/3 of eyebrow hairs, low and coarse voice, slow heart rate, and non-concaveable edema. Some patients have gastric acid deficiency, breast milk overflow, anemia, multiple plasma cavities, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. In severe cases, when there is infection, cold, surgery, anesthesia and application of sedatives, mucous edema coma can occur, which is manifested as low body temperature, low blood pressure, shallow and slow respiration, slow heart rate, hypoxemia, and even life-threatening. 2, growth and development disorders: mainly occur in children patients. The children are short, with dull expression, less activity, no crying and less smiling, swollen face and wide nose, thick lips and big tongue, deafness and mute. Diagnosis and treatment Diagnosis: Think of this disease in people with the above symptoms, especially if they also have a family history of thyroid disease. Confirmation of the diagnosis relies on laboratory tests, including decreased blood levels of T4 and T3, with T4 being more sensitive than T3, and hypothyroid 131I uptake. Primary hypothyroidism is characterized by markedly elevated blood TSH levels and an overreaction to thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) stimulation; secondary hypothyroidism is characterized by low TSH levels, delayed response to TRH stimulation in the hypothalamus, and no response to TRH stimulation in the pituitary gland. Treatment: Generally, thyroid hormone replacement therapy is used. In China, dry thyroid tablets are mostly used, and T4 or mixed T3 and T4 preparations are also used. Treatment should start with a small dose and gradually increase, and the long-term maintenance dose is usually 60-120 mg of dry thyroid tablets per day. The efficacy of primary hypothyroidism can be measured by blood TSH levels. Mucous edema coma can be treated with T3 or T4 nasal feeding or intravenous injection, and attention should be paid to heat preservation, anti-infection and correction of acute adrenocortical insufficiency.