Association of thyroid disorders with adverse pregnancy outcomes

There are inconsistent reports on the increased risk of pregnancy complications associated with thyroid disorders. To explore the relationship between pregnancy complications and common and uncommon thyroid disorders, Prof. Pauline Mendola and her team from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) conducted a study which found that thyroid disorders are associated with obstetric, labor and delivery complications. The findings were published online June 6, 2013, in The journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism. The study analyzed singleton pregnancies (223,512 cases) from a retrospective U.S. cohort (patients who delivered safely between 2002-2008) of cases of thyroid disease and pregnancy outcomes derived from electronic medical records. Multiple logistic regression combined with generalized estimating equations assessed corrected odds ratios (ORs) with 99% confidence intervals (99% CIs). Hypertensive disorders, diabetes mellitus, preterm delivery, cesarean section, induction of labor, and intensive care unit (ICU) hospitalization were analyzed. The results of this study showed that primary hypothyroidism was associated with preeclampsia (OR=1.47, 99% CI=1.20-1.81), concomitant preeclampsia (OR=2.25,99% CI=1.53-3.29), gestational diabetes mellitus (OR=1.57,99% CI=1.33-1.86), and preterm labor (OR=1.34,99% CI= 1.17-1.53), induced labor (OR=1.15,99% CI=1.04-1.28), cesarean section (OR=1.31,99% CI=1.11-1.54 before delivery; OR=1.38,99% CI=1.14-1.66 after spontaneous delivery), and ICU hospitalization (OR=2.08,99% CI=1.04- 4.15) were associated with increased odds of Medical hypothyroidism was associated with increased odds of placental abruption (OR=2.89,99% CI=1.14-7.36), breech presentation (OR=2.09,99% CI=1.07-4.07), and cesarean section after spontaneous labor (OR=2.05,99% CI=1.01-4.16). Hyperthyroidism was associated with preeclampsia (OR=1.78.99% CI=1.08-2.94), concomitant preeclampsia (OR=3.64,99% CI=1.82-7.29), preterm labor (OR=1.81,99% CI=1.32-2.49), induction of labor (OR=1.40,99% CI=1.06-1.86), and increased odds of ICU hospitalization (OR=3.70,99% CI=1.16-11.80) were associated. This study found that thyroid disorders were associated with obstetric, labor and delivery complications. Despite the lack of information on treatment during pregnancy, these national data suggest the need for better management of thyroid disease during pregnancy or the inherent problem that thyroid disease can lead to poor pregnancy outcomes.