Acne, also known as pimples, acne, and pimples, is a chronic inflammatory disease that occurs in the sebaceous glands of hair follicles. According to statistics, 95% of adolescent males and 85% of adolescent females suffer from acne to varying degrees. There are four causes of acne: 1. 2. Androgen and sebum hyperfunction. 3. The action of Propionibacterium acnes in the sebaceous unit of the hair follicle. 4, Inflammation and host’s immune response. Clinical manifestations Acne vulgaris occurs on the cheeks and forehead, followed by the chest and back. The various types of acne lesions are caused by hair follicles from different depths of inflammation as well as other secondary reactions, including acne due to follicular sebaceous duct obstruction, superficial pustules, inflammatory papules, and nodules occurring at the mouth of the hair follicle. Whiteheads: The follicular funnel is clogged with keratinocytes and filled with keratinized material and sebum, while the top is covered by the epidermis and does not communicate with the outside world, appearing as a slightly elevated whitehead. Blackheads: The follicular funnel is completely blocked and the follicular sebaceous glands are filled with keratin and sebum, while the openings are connected to the outside world, resulting in open pimples. The openings of the follicles are black due to oxidation of the keratin plugs. Inflammatory papules: The follicular funnel is blocked and closed, creating a hypoxic environment in the sebaceous glands of the follicle, where anaerobic propionibacteria multiply and decompose sebum, resulting in inflammatory papules caused by the accumulation of white blood cells, which is commonly referred to as “pimples. Pustules: further development and aggravation of inflammatory papules. A large number of neutrophils gather in the sebaceous glands of the hair follicles and engulf propionibacterium to form a pus cell accumulation, or pustule. If this occurs, it is easy to leave scars. Treatment 1. General treatment: First of all, acne should pay attention to the cleanliness of the growth area, avoid squeezing and scratching, avoid using oily cosmetics, avoid spicy things, pay attention to the combination of labor and rest, and correct constipation. 2. Etiological treatment: Currently, the treatment of acne mainly revolves around four causes, such as anti-androgen drugs that inhibit sebaceous hyperfunction, retinoids that fight against abnormal keratinization of sebaceous ducts in hair follicles, and second-generation tetracycline drugs that inhibit and kill Propionibacterium acnes. 3.LED red and blue light therapy instrument: Blue light inactivates Propionibacterium acnes by stimulating the porphyrins in Propionibacterium acnes and generating singlet oxygen and free radicals. Red light has a good local anti-infection effect, improves local blood circulation, increases the phagocytic function of white blood cells, and effectively prevents infection.